diff --git a/benchmark/crypto/create-keyobject.js b/benchmark/crypto/create-keyobject.js
index 1e98ac347d7..75988031abf 100644
--- a/benchmark/crypto/create-keyobject.js
+++ b/benchmark/crypto/create-keyobject.js
@@ -18,13 +18,14 @@ function readKeyPair(publicKeyName, privateKeyName) {
 }
 
 const keyFixtures = {
-  ec: readKeyPair('ec_p256_public', 'ec_p256_private'),
-  rsa: readKeyPair('rsa_public_2048', 'rsa_private_2048'),
-  ed25519: readKeyPair('ed25519_public', 'ed25519_private'),
+  'ec': readKeyPair('ec_p256_public', 'ec_p256_private'),
+  'rsa': readKeyPair('rsa_public_2048', 'rsa_private_2048'),
+  'ed25519': readKeyPair('ed25519_public', 'ed25519_private'),
+  'ml-dsa-44': readKeyPair('ml_dsa_44_public', 'ml_dsa_44_private'),
 };
 
 const bench = common.createBenchmark(main, {
-  keyType: ['rsa', 'ec', 'ed25519'],
+  keyType: ['rsa', 'ec', 'ed25519', 'ml-dsa-44'],
   keyFormat: ['pkcs8', 'spki', 'der-pkcs8', 'der-spki', 'jwk-public', 'jwk-private'],
   n: [1e3],
 });
diff --git a/benchmark/crypto/oneshot-sign.js b/benchmark/crypto/oneshot-sign.js
index 88e67b9dfb1..97372606a10 100644
--- a/benchmark/crypto/oneshot-sign.js
+++ b/benchmark/crypto/oneshot-sign.js
@@ -6,10 +6,15 @@ const fs = require('fs');
 const path = require('path');
 const fixtures_keydir = path.resolve(__dirname, '../../test/fixtures/keys/');
 
+function readKey(name) {
+  return fs.readFileSync(`${fixtures_keydir}/${name}.pem`, 'utf8');
+}
+
 const keyFixtures = {
-  ec: fs.readFileSync(`${fixtures_keydir}/ec_p256_private.pem`, 'utf-8'),
-  rsa: fs.readFileSync(`${fixtures_keydir}/rsa_private_2048.pem`, 'utf-8'),
-  ed25519: fs.readFileSync(`${fixtures_keydir}/ed25519_private.pem`, 'utf-8'),
+  'ec': readKey('ec_p256_private'),
+  'rsa': readKey('rsa_private_2048'),
+  'ed25519': readKey('ed25519_private'),
+  'ml-dsa-44': readKey('ml_dsa_44_private'),
 };
 
 const data = crypto.randomBytes(256);
@@ -18,7 +23,7 @@ let pems;
 let keyObjects;
 
 const bench = common.createBenchmark(main, {
-  keyType: ['rsa', 'ec', 'ed25519'],
+  keyType: ['rsa', 'ec', 'ed25519', 'ml-dsa-44'],
   mode: ['sync', 'async', 'async-parallel'],
   keyFormat: ['pem', 'der', 'jwk', 'keyObject', 'keyObject.unique'],
   n: [1e3],
@@ -90,6 +95,7 @@ function main({ n, mode, keyFormat, keyType }) {
       digest = 'sha256';
       break;
     case 'ed25519':
+    case 'ml-dsa-44':
       break;
     default:
       throw new Error('not implemented');
diff --git a/benchmark/crypto/oneshot-verify.js b/benchmark/crypto/oneshot-verify.js
index 121be28d4d9..9569d5168f6 100644
--- a/benchmark/crypto/oneshot-verify.js
+++ b/benchmark/crypto/oneshot-verify.js
@@ -18,9 +18,10 @@ function readKeyPair(publicKeyName, privateKeyName) {
 }
 
 const keyFixtures = {
-  ec: readKeyPair('ec_p256_public', 'ec_p256_private'),
-  rsa: readKeyPair('rsa_public_2048', 'rsa_private_2048'),
-  ed25519: readKeyPair('ed25519_public', 'ed25519_private'),
+  'ec': readKeyPair('ec_p256_public', 'ec_p256_private'),
+  'rsa': readKeyPair('rsa_public_2048', 'rsa_private_2048'),
+  'ed25519': readKeyPair('ed25519_public', 'ed25519_private'),
+  'ml-dsa-44': readKeyPair('ml_dsa_44_public', 'ml_dsa_44_private'),
 };
 
 const data = crypto.randomBytes(256);
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ let pems;
 let keyObjects;
 
 const bench = common.createBenchmark(main, {
-  keyType: ['rsa', 'ec', 'ed25519'],
+  keyType: ['rsa', 'ec', 'ed25519', 'ml-dsa-44'],
   mode: ['sync', 'async', 'async-parallel'],
   keyFormat: ['pem', 'der', 'jwk', 'keyObject', 'keyObject.unique'],
   n: [1e3],
@@ -104,6 +105,7 @@ function main({ n, mode, keyFormat, keyType }) {
       digest = 'sha256';
       break;
     case 'ed25519':
+    case 'ml-dsa-44':
       break;
     default:
       throw new Error('not implemented');
diff --git a/deps/ncrypto/ncrypto.cc b/deps/ncrypto/ncrypto.cc
index cb6b6ab4a61..a2bfe874650 100644
--- a/deps/ncrypto/ncrypto.cc
+++ b/deps/ncrypto/ncrypto.cc
@@ -1897,6 +1897,31 @@ EVPKeyPointer EVPKeyPointer::NewRawPrivate(
       EVP_PKEY_new_raw_private_key(id, nullptr, data.data, data.len));
 }
 
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3 && OPENSSL_VERSION_MINOR >= 5
+EVPKeyPointer EVPKeyPointer::NewRawSeed(
+    int id, const Buffer<const unsigned char>& data) {
+  if (id == 0) return {};
+
+  OSSL_PARAM params[] = {
+      OSSL_PARAM_construct_octet_string(OSSL_PKEY_PARAM_ML_DSA_SEED,
+                                        const_cast<unsigned char*>(data.data),
+                                        data.len),
+      OSSL_PARAM_END};
+
+  EVP_PKEY_CTX* ctx = EVP_PKEY_CTX_new_id(id, nullptr);
+  if (ctx == nullptr) return {};
+
+  EVP_PKEY* pkey = nullptr;
+  if (ctx == nullptr || EVP_PKEY_fromdata_init(ctx) <= 0 ||
+      EVP_PKEY_fromdata(ctx, &pkey, EVP_PKEY_KEYPAIR, params) <= 0) {
+    EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(ctx);
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  return EVPKeyPointer(pkey);
+}
+#endif
+
 EVPKeyPointer EVPKeyPointer::NewDH(DHPointer&& dh) {
   if (!dh) return {};
   auto key = New();
@@ -1942,7 +1967,16 @@ EVP_PKEY* EVPKeyPointer::release() {
 
 int EVPKeyPointer::id(const EVP_PKEY* key) {
   if (key == nullptr) return 0;
-  return EVP_PKEY_id(key);
+  int type = EVP_PKEY_id(key);
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3 && OPENSSL_VERSION_MINOR >= 5
+  // https://github.com/openssl/openssl/issues/27738#issuecomment-3013215870
+  if (type == -1) {
+    if (EVP_PKEY_is_a(key, "ML-DSA-44")) return EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_44;
+    if (EVP_PKEY_is_a(key, "ML-DSA-65")) return EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_65;
+    if (EVP_PKEY_is_a(key, "ML-DSA-87")) return EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_87;
+  }
+#endif
+  return type;
 }
 
 int EVPKeyPointer::base_id(const EVP_PKEY* key) {
@@ -1998,6 +2032,31 @@ DataPointer EVPKeyPointer::rawPublicKey() const {
   return {};
 }
 
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3 && OPENSSL_VERSION_MINOR >= 5
+DataPointer EVPKeyPointer::rawSeed() const {
+  if (!pkey_) return {};
+  switch (id()) {
+    case EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_44:
+    case EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_65:
+    case EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_87:
+      break;
+    default:
+      unreachable();
+  }
+
+  size_t seed_len = 32;
+  if (auto data = DataPointer::Alloc(seed_len)) {
+    const Buffer<unsigned char> buf = data;
+    size_t len = data.size();
+    if (EVP_PKEY_get_octet_string_param(
+            get(), OSSL_PKEY_PARAM_ML_DSA_SEED, buf.data, len, &seed_len) != 1)
+      return {};
+    return data;
+  }
+  return {};
+}
+#endif
+
 DataPointer EVPKeyPointer::rawPrivateKey() const {
   if (!pkey_) return {};
   if (auto data = DataPointer::Alloc(rawPrivateKeySize())) {
@@ -2453,7 +2512,18 @@ bool EVPKeyPointer::isRsaVariant() const {
 bool EVPKeyPointer::isOneShotVariant() const {
   if (!pkey_) return false;
   int type = id();
-  return type == EVP_PKEY_ED25519 || type == EVP_PKEY_ED448;
+  switch (type) {
+    case EVP_PKEY_ED25519:
+    case EVP_PKEY_ED448:
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3 && OPENSSL_VERSION_MINOR >= 5
+    case EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_44:
+    case EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_65:
+    case EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_87:
+#endif
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
 }
 
 bool EVPKeyPointer::isSigVariant() const {
diff --git a/deps/ncrypto/ncrypto.h b/deps/ncrypto/ncrypto.h
index 28e836f0bdb..82af70798f3 100644
--- a/deps/ncrypto/ncrypto.h
+++ b/deps/ncrypto/ncrypto.h
@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@
 
 #if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3
 #define OSSL3_CONST const
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MINOR >= 5
+#include <openssl/core_names.h>
+#endif
 #else
 #define OSSL3_CONST
 #endif
@@ -817,6 +820,10 @@ class EVPKeyPointer final {
                                     const Buffer<const unsigned char>& data);
   static EVPKeyPointer NewRawPrivate(int id,
                                      const Buffer<const unsigned char>& data);
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3 && OPENSSL_VERSION_MINOR >= 5
+  static EVPKeyPointer NewRawSeed(int id,
+                                  const Buffer<const unsigned char>& data);
+#endif
   static EVPKeyPointer NewDH(DHPointer&& dh);
   static EVPKeyPointer NewRSA(RSAPointer&& rsa);
 
@@ -910,6 +917,10 @@ class EVPKeyPointer final {
   DataPointer rawPrivateKey() const;
   BIOPointer derPublicKey() const;
 
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3 && OPENSSL_VERSION_MINOR >= 5
+  DataPointer rawSeed() const;
+#endif
+
   Result<BIOPointer, bool> writePrivateKey(
       const PrivateKeyEncodingConfig& config) const;
   Result<BIOPointer, bool> writePublicKey(
diff --git a/doc/api/crypto.md b/doc/api/crypto.md
index 62c7b4976c6..cde3893ab4a 100644
--- a/doc/api/crypto.md
+++ b/doc/api/crypto.md
@@ -1916,6 +1916,9 @@ This can be called many times with new data as it is streamed.
 <!-- YAML
 added: v11.6.0
 changes:
+  - version: REPLACEME
+    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/59259
+    description: Add support for ML-DSA keys.
   - version:
     - v14.5.0
     - v12.19.0
@@ -2021,6 +2024,9 @@ Other key details might be exposed via this API using additional attributes.
 <!-- YAML
 added: v11.6.0
 changes:
+  - version: REPLACEME
+    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/59259
+    description: Add support for ML-DSA keys.
   - version:
      - v13.9.0
      - v12.17.0
@@ -2055,6 +2061,9 @@ types are:
 * `'ed25519'` (OID 1.3.101.112)
 * `'ed448'` (OID 1.3.101.113)
 * `'dh'` (OID 1.2.840.113549.1.3.1)
+* `'ml-dsa-44'`[^openssl35] (OID 2.16.840.1.101.3.4.3.17)
+* `'ml-dsa-65'`[^openssl35] (OID 2.16.840.1.101.3.4.3.18)
+* `'ml-dsa-87'`[^openssl35] (OID 2.16.840.1.101.3.4.3.19)
 
 This property is `undefined` for unrecognized `KeyObject` types and symmetric
 keys.
@@ -3403,6 +3412,9 @@ input.on('readable', () => {
 <!-- YAML
 added: v11.6.0
 changes:
+  - version: REPLACEME
+    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/59259
+    description: Add support for ML-DSA keys.
   - version: v15.12.0
     pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/37254
     description: The key can also be a JWK object.
@@ -3439,6 +3451,9 @@ of the passphrase is limited to 1024 bytes.
 <!-- YAML
 added: v11.6.0
 changes:
+  - version: REPLACEME
+    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/59259
+    description: Add support for ML-DSA keys.
   - version: v15.12.0
     pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/37254
     description: The key can also be a JWK object.
@@ -3648,6 +3663,9 @@ underlying hash function. See [`crypto.createHmac()`][] for more information.
 <!-- YAML
 added: v10.12.0
 changes:
+  - version: REPLACEME
+    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/59259
+    description: Add support for ML-DSA key pairs.
   - version: v18.0.0
     pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41678
     description: Passing an invalid callback to the `callback` argument
@@ -3678,7 +3696,8 @@ changes:
 -->
 
 * `type` {string} Must be `'rsa'`, `'rsa-pss'`, `'dsa'`, `'ec'`, `'ed25519'`,
-  `'ed448'`, `'x25519'`, `'x448'`, or `'dh'`.
+  `'ed448'`, `'x25519'`, `'x448'`, `'dh'`, `'ml-dsa-44'`[^openssl35],
+  `'ml-dsa-65'`[^openssl35], or `'ml-dsa-87'`[^openssl35].
 * `options` {Object}
   * `modulusLength` {number} Key size in bits (RSA, DSA).
   * `publicExponent` {number} Public exponent (RSA). **Default:** `0x10001`.
@@ -3767,6 +3786,9 @@ a `Promise` for an `Object` with `publicKey` and `privateKey` properties.
 <!-- YAML
 added: v10.12.0
 changes:
+  - version: REPLACEME
+    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/59259
+    description: Add support for ML-DSA key pairs.
   - version: v16.10.0
     pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/39927
     description: Add ability to define `RSASSA-PSS-params` sequence parameters
@@ -3792,7 +3814,8 @@ changes:
 -->
 
 * `type` {string} Must be `'rsa'`, `'rsa-pss'`, `'dsa'`, `'ec'`, `'ed25519'`,
-  `'ed448'`, `'x25519'`, `'x448'`, or `'dh'`.
+  `'ed448'`, `'x25519'`, `'x448'`, `'dh'`, `'ml-dsa-44'`[^openssl35],
+  `'ml-dsa-65'`[^openssl35], or `'ml-dsa-87'`[^openssl35].
 * `options` {Object}
   * `modulusLength` {number} Key size in bits (RSA, DSA).
   * `publicExponent` {number} Public exponent (RSA). **Default:** `0x10001`.
@@ -3816,7 +3839,7 @@ changes:
   * `privateKey` {string | Buffer | KeyObject}
 
 Generates a new asymmetric key pair of the given `type`. RSA, RSA-PSS, DSA, EC,
-Ed25519, Ed448, X25519, X448, and DH are currently supported.
+Ed25519, Ed448, X25519, X448, DH, and ML-DSA[^openssl35] are currently supported.
 
 If a `publicKeyEncoding` or `privateKeyEncoding` was specified, this function
 behaves as if [`keyObject.export()`][] had been called on its result. Otherwise,
@@ -5416,6 +5439,9 @@ Throws an error if FIPS mode is not available.
 <!-- YAML
 added: v12.0.0
 changes:
+  - version: REPLACEME
+    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/59259
+    description: Add support for ML-DSA signing.
   - version: v18.0.0
     pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41678
     description: Passing an invalid callback to the `callback` argument
@@ -5445,7 +5471,10 @@ changes:
 
 Calculates and returns the signature for `data` using the given private key and
 algorithm. If `algorithm` is `null` or `undefined`, then the algorithm is
-dependent upon the key type (especially Ed25519 and Ed448).
+dependent upon the key type.
+
+`algorithm` is required to be `null` or `undefined` for Ed25519, Ed448, and
+ML-DSA.
 
 If `key` is not a [`KeyObject`][], this function behaves as if `key` had been
 passed to [`crypto.createPrivateKey()`][]. If it is an object, the following
@@ -5526,6 +5555,9 @@ not introduce timing vulnerabilities.
 <!-- YAML
 added: v12.0.0
 changes:
+  - version: REPLACEME
+    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/59259
+    description: Add support for ML-DSA signature verification.
   - version: v18.0.0
     pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/41678
     description: Passing an invalid callback to the `callback` argument
@@ -5561,7 +5593,10 @@ changes:
 
 Verifies the given signature for `data` using the given key and algorithm. If
 `algorithm` is `null` or `undefined`, then the algorithm is dependent upon the
-key type (especially Ed25519 and Ed448).
+key type.
+
+`algorithm` is required to be `null` or `undefined` for Ed25519, Ed448, and
+ML-DSA.
 
 If `key` is not a [`KeyObject`][], this function behaves as if `key` had been
 passed to [`crypto.createPublicKey()`][]. If it is an object, the following
@@ -6150,6 +6185,8 @@ See the [list of SSL OP Flags][] for details.
   </tr>
 </table>
 
+[^openssl35]: Requires OpenSSL >= 3.5
+
 [AEAD algorithms]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authenticated_encryption
 [CCM mode]: #ccm-mode
 [CVE-2021-44532]: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-44532
diff --git a/lib/internal/crypto/keygen.js b/lib/internal/crypto/keygen.js
index 3d1ba4a8834..71b7ee8ce1f 100644
--- a/lib/internal/crypto/keygen.js
+++ b/lib/internal/crypto/keygen.js
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ const {
   kKeyVariantRSA_SSA_PKCS1_v1_5,
   EVP_PKEY_ED25519,
   EVP_PKEY_ED448,
+  EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_44,
+  EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_65,
+  EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_87,
   EVP_PKEY_X25519,
   EVP_PKEY_X448,
   OPENSSL_EC_NAMED_CURVE,
@@ -162,6 +165,16 @@ function parseKeyEncoding(keyType, options = kEmptyObject) {
   ];
 }
 
+const ids = {
+  'ed25519': EVP_PKEY_ED25519,
+  'ed448': EVP_PKEY_ED448,
+  'x25519': EVP_PKEY_X25519,
+  'x448': EVP_PKEY_X448,
+  'ml-dsa-44': EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_44,
+  'ml-dsa-65': EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_65,
+  'ml-dsa-87': EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_87,
+};
+
 function createJob(mode, type, options) {
   validateString(type, 'type');
 
@@ -278,23 +291,14 @@ function createJob(mode, type, options) {
     case 'ed448':
     case 'x25519':
     case 'x448':
+    case 'ml-dsa-44':
+    case 'ml-dsa-65':
+    case 'ml-dsa-87':
     {
-      let id;
-      switch (type) {
-        case 'ed25519':
-          id = EVP_PKEY_ED25519;
-          break;
-        case 'ed448':
-          id = EVP_PKEY_ED448;
-          break;
-        case 'x25519':
-          id = EVP_PKEY_X25519;
-          break;
-        case 'x448':
-          id = EVP_PKEY_X448;
-          break;
+      if (ids[type] === undefined) {
+        throw new ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE('type', type, 'must be a supported key type');
       }
-      return new NidKeyPairGenJob(mode, id, ...encoding);
+      return new NidKeyPairGenJob(mode, ids[type], ...encoding);
     }
     case 'dh':
     {
diff --git a/lib/internal/crypto/keys.js b/lib/internal/crypto/keys.js
index 7f21dd671cb..60b4d26d35e 100644
--- a/lib/internal/crypto/keys.js
+++ b/lib/internal/crypto/keys.js
@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ const {
   kKeyEncodingPKCS8,
   kKeyEncodingSPKI,
   kKeyEncodingSEC1,
+  EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_44,
+  EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_65,
+  EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_87,
 } = internalBinding('crypto');
 
 const {
@@ -509,12 +512,54 @@ function getKeyTypes(allowKeyObject, bufferOnly = false) {
   return types;
 }
 
+function mlDsaPubLen(alg) {
+  switch (alg) {
+    case 'ML-DSA-44': return 1312;
+    case 'ML-DSA-65': return 1952;
+    case 'ML-DSA-87': return 2592;
+  }
+}
+
 function getKeyObjectHandleFromJwk(key, ctx) {
   validateObject(key, 'key');
-  validateOneOf(
-    key.kty, 'key.kty', ['RSA', 'EC', 'OKP']);
+  if (EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_44 || EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_65 || EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_87) {
+    validateOneOf(
+      key.kty, 'key.kty', ['RSA', 'EC', 'OKP', 'AKP']);
+  } else {
+    validateOneOf(
+      key.kty, 'key.kty', ['RSA', 'EC', 'OKP']);
+  }
   const isPublic = ctx === kConsumePublic || ctx === kCreatePublic;
 
+  if (key.kty === 'AKP') {
+    validateOneOf(
+      key.alg, 'key.alg', ['ML-DSA-44', 'ML-DSA-65', 'ML-DSA-87']);
+    validateString(key.pub, 'key.pub');
+
+    let keyData;
+    if (isPublic) {
+      keyData = Buffer.from(key.pub, 'base64url');
+      if (keyData.byteLength !== mlDsaPubLen(key.alg)) {
+        throw new ERR_CRYPTO_INVALID_JWK();
+      }
+    } else {
+      validateString(key.priv, 'key.priv');
+      keyData = Buffer.from(key.priv, 'base64url');
+      if (keyData.byteLength !== 32) {
+        throw new ERR_CRYPTO_INVALID_JWK();
+      }
+    }
+
+    const handle = new KeyObjectHandle();
+
+    const keyType = isPublic ? kKeyTypePublic : kKeyTypePrivate;
+    if (!handle.initMlDsaRaw(key.alg, keyData, keyType)) {
+      throw new ERR_CRYPTO_INVALID_JWK();
+    }
+
+    return handle;
+  }
+
   if (key.kty === 'OKP') {
     validateString(key.crv, 'key.crv');
     validateOneOf(
diff --git a/node.gyp b/node.gyp
index 26150fa5c5e..428e0219ccd 100644
--- a/node.gyp
+++ b/node.gyp
@@ -342,6 +342,7 @@
       'src/crypto/crypto_cipher.cc',
       'src/crypto/crypto_context.cc',
       'src/crypto/crypto_ec.cc',
+      'src/crypto/crypto_ml_dsa.cc',
       'src/crypto/crypto_hmac.cc',
       'src/crypto/crypto_random.cc',
       'src/crypto/crypto_rsa.cc',
@@ -373,6 +374,7 @@
       'src/crypto/crypto_clienthello.h',
       'src/crypto/crypto_context.h',
       'src/crypto/crypto_ec.h',
+      'src/crypto/crypto_ml_dsa.h',
       'src/crypto/crypto_hkdf.h',
       'src/crypto/crypto_pbkdf2.h',
       'src/crypto/crypto_sig.h',
diff --git a/src/crypto/crypto_keys.cc b/src/crypto/crypto_keys.cc
index 458282b1cdf..167018d7d20 100644
--- a/src/crypto/crypto_keys.cc
+++ b/src/crypto/crypto_keys.cc
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 #include "crypto/crypto_keys.h"
-#include "crypto/crypto_common.h"
-#include "crypto/crypto_dsa.h"
-#include "crypto/crypto_ec.h"
-#include "crypto/crypto_dh.h"
-#include "crypto/crypto_rsa.h"
-#include "crypto/crypto_util.h"
 #include "async_wrap-inl.h"
 #include "base_object-inl.h"
+#include "crypto/crypto_common.h"
+#include "crypto/crypto_dh.h"
+#include "crypto/crypto_dsa.h"
+#include "crypto/crypto_ec.h"
+#include "crypto/crypto_ml_dsa.h"
+#include "crypto/crypto_rsa.h"
+#include "crypto/crypto_util.h"
 #include "env-inl.h"
 #include "memory_tracker-inl.h"
 #include "node.h"
@@ -176,6 +177,14 @@ bool ExportJWKAsymmetricKey(Environment* env,
       // Fall through
     case EVP_PKEY_X448:
       return ExportJWKEdKey(env, key, target);
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3 && OPENSSL_VERSION_MINOR >= 5
+    case EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_44:
+      // Fall through
+    case EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_65:
+      // Fall through
+    case EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_87:
+      return ExportJwkMlDsaKey(env, key, target);
+#endif
   }
   THROW_ERR_CRYPTO_JWK_UNSUPPORTED_KEY_TYPE(env);
   return false;
@@ -261,7 +270,7 @@ bool ExportJWKInner(Environment* env,
                    env, key, result.As<Object>(), handleRsaPss);
 }
 
-int GetOKPCurveFromName(const char* name) {
+int GetNidFromName(const char* name) {
   int nid;
   if (strcmp(name, "Ed25519") == 0) {
     nid = EVP_PKEY_ED25519;
@@ -271,6 +280,14 @@ int GetOKPCurveFromName(const char* name) {
     nid = EVP_PKEY_X25519;
   } else if (strcmp(name, "X448") == 0) {
     nid = EVP_PKEY_X448;
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3 && OPENSSL_VERSION_MINOR >= 5
+  } else if (strcmp(name, "ML-DSA-44") == 0) {
+    nid = EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_44;
+  } else if (strcmp(name, "ML-DSA-65") == 0) {
+    nid = EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_65;
+  } else if (strcmp(name, "ML-DSA-87") == 0) {
+    nid = EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_87;
+#endif
   } else {
     nid = NID_undef;
   }
@@ -603,6 +620,9 @@ Local<Function> KeyObjectHandle::Initialize(Environment* env) {
     SetProtoMethod(isolate, templ, "exportJwk", ExportJWK);
     SetProtoMethod(isolate, templ, "initECRaw", InitECRaw);
     SetProtoMethod(isolate, templ, "initEDRaw", InitEDRaw);
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3 && OPENSSL_VERSION_MINOR >= 5
+    SetProtoMethod(isolate, templ, "initMlDsaRaw", InitMlDsaRaw);
+#endif
     SetProtoMethod(isolate, templ, "initJwk", InitJWK);
     SetProtoMethod(isolate, templ, "keyDetail", GetKeyDetail);
     SetProtoMethod(isolate, templ, "equals", Equals);
@@ -623,6 +643,9 @@ void KeyObjectHandle::RegisterExternalReferences(
   registry->Register(ExportJWK);
   registry->Register(InitECRaw);
   registry->Register(InitEDRaw);
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3 && OPENSSL_VERSION_MINOR >= 5
+  registry->Register(InitMlDsaRaw);
+#endif
   registry->Register(InitJWK);
   registry->Register(GetKeyDetail);
   registry->Register(Equals);
@@ -789,7 +812,7 @@ void KeyObjectHandle::InitEDRaw(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
   new_key_fn fn = type == kKeyTypePrivate ? EVPKeyPointer::NewRawPrivate
                                           : EVPKeyPointer::NewRawPublic;
 
-  int id = GetOKPCurveFromName(*name);
+  int id = GetNidFromName(*name);
 
   switch (id) {
     case EVP_PKEY_X25519:
@@ -815,6 +838,51 @@ void KeyObjectHandle::InitEDRaw(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
   args.GetReturnValue().Set(true);
 }
 
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3 && OPENSSL_VERSION_MINOR >= 5
+void KeyObjectHandle::InitMlDsaRaw(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
+  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
+  KeyObjectHandle* key;
+  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&key, args.This());
+
+  CHECK(args[0]->IsString());
+  Utf8Value name(env->isolate(), args[0]);
+
+  ArrayBufferOrViewContents<unsigned char> key_data(args[1]);
+  KeyType type = FromV8Value<KeyType>(args[2]);
+
+  MarkPopErrorOnReturn mark_pop_error_on_return;
+
+  typedef EVPKeyPointer (*new_key_fn)(
+      int, const ncrypto::Buffer<const unsigned char>&);
+  new_key_fn fn = type == kKeyTypePrivate ? EVPKeyPointer::NewRawSeed
+                                          : EVPKeyPointer::NewRawPublic;
+
+  int id = GetNidFromName(*name);
+
+  switch (id) {
+    case EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_44:
+    case EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_65:
+    case EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_87: {
+      auto pkey = fn(id,
+                     ncrypto::Buffer<const unsigned char>{
+                         .data = key_data.data(),
+                         .len = key_data.size(),
+                     });
+      if (!pkey) {
+        return args.GetReturnValue().Set(false);
+      }
+      key->data_ = KeyObjectData::CreateAsymmetric(type, std::move(pkey));
+      CHECK(key->data_);
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      UNREACHABLE();
+  }
+
+  args.GetReturnValue().Set(true);
+}
+#endif
+
 void KeyObjectHandle::Equals(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
   KeyObjectHandle* self_handle;
   KeyObjectHandle* arg_handle;
@@ -903,6 +971,14 @@ Local<Value> KeyObjectHandle::GetAsymmetricKeyType() const {
       return env()->crypto_x25519_string();
     case EVP_PKEY_X448:
       return env()->crypto_x448_string();
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3 && OPENSSL_VERSION_MINOR >= 5
+    case EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_44:
+      return env()->crypto_ml_dsa_44_string();
+    case EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_65:
+      return env()->crypto_ml_dsa_65_string();
+    case EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_87:
+      return env()->crypto_ml_dsa_87_string();
+#endif
     default:
       return Undefined(env()->isolate());
   }
@@ -1178,6 +1254,11 @@ void Initialize(Environment* env, Local<Object> target) {
   NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, kWebCryptoKeyFormatJWK);
   NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, EVP_PKEY_ED25519);
   NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, EVP_PKEY_ED448);
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3 && OPENSSL_VERSION_MINOR >= 5
+  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_44);
+  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_65);
+  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_87);
+#endif
   NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, EVP_PKEY_X25519);
   NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, EVP_PKEY_X448);
   NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, kKeyEncodingPKCS1);
diff --git a/src/crypto/crypto_keys.h b/src/crypto/crypto_keys.h
index 794e2699c81..2a2a38ebe0e 100644
--- a/src/crypto/crypto_keys.h
+++ b/src/crypto/crypto_keys.h
@@ -152,6 +152,9 @@ class KeyObjectHandle : public BaseObject {
   static void Init(const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args);
   static void InitECRaw(const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args);
   static void InitEDRaw(const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args);
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3 && OPENSSL_VERSION_MINOR >= 5
+  static void InitMlDsaRaw(const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args);
+#endif
   static void InitJWK(const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args);
   static void GetKeyDetail(const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args);
   static void Equals(const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args);
diff --git a/src/crypto/crypto_ml_dsa.cc b/src/crypto/crypto_ml_dsa.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..119597c634c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/crypto_ml_dsa.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#include "crypto/crypto_ml_dsa.h"
+#include "crypto/crypto_util.h"
+#include "env-inl.h"
+#include "string_bytes.h"
+#include "v8.h"
+
+namespace node {
+
+using ncrypto::DataPointer;
+using v8::Local;
+using v8::Object;
+using v8::String;
+using v8::Value;
+
+namespace crypto {
+
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3 && OPENSSL_VERSION_MINOR >= 5
+constexpr const char* GetMlDsaAlgorithmName(int id) {
+  switch (id) {
+    case EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_44:
+      return "ML-DSA-44";
+    case EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_65:
+      return "ML-DSA-65";
+    case EVP_PKEY_ML_DSA_87:
+      return "ML-DSA-87";
+    default:
+      return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Exports an ML-DSA key to JWK format.
+ *
+ * The resulting JWK object contains:
+ * - "kty": "AKP" (Asymmetric Key Pair - required)
+ * - "alg": "ML-DSA-XX" (Algorithm identifier - required for "AKP")
+ * - "pub": "<Base64URL-encoded raw public key>" (required)
+ * - "priv": <"Base64URL-encoded raw seed>" (required for private keys only)
+ */
+bool ExportJwkMlDsaKey(Environment* env,
+                       const KeyObjectData& key,
+                       Local<Object> target) {
+  Mutex::ScopedLock lock(key.mutex());
+  const auto& pkey = key.GetAsymmetricKey();
+
+  const char* alg = GetMlDsaAlgorithmName(pkey.id());
+  CHECK(alg);
+
+  static constexpr auto trySetKey = [](Environment* env,
+                                       DataPointer data,
+                                       Local<Object> target,
+                                       Local<String> key) {
+    Local<Value> encoded;
+    if (!data) return false;
+    const ncrypto::Buffer<const char> out = data;
+    return StringBytes::Encode(env->isolate(), out.data, out.len, BASE64URL)
+               .ToLocal(&encoded) &&
+           target->Set(env->context(), key, encoded).IsJust();
+  };
+
+  if (key.GetKeyType() == kKeyTypePrivate) {
+    auto seed = pkey.rawSeed();
+    if (!seed) {
+      THROW_ERR_CRYPTO_OPERATION_FAILED(env,
+                                        "key does not have an available seed");
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (!trySetKey(env, pkey.rawSeed(), target, env->jwk_priv_string())) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return !(
+      target->Set(env->context(), env->jwk_kty_string(), env->jwk_akp_string())
+          .IsNothing() ||
+      target
+          ->Set(env->context(),
+                env->jwk_alg_string(),
+                OneByteString(env->isolate(), alg))
+          .IsNothing() ||
+      !trySetKey(env, pkey.rawPublicKey(), target, env->jwk_pub_string()));
+}
+#endif
+}  // namespace crypto
+}  // namespace node
diff --git a/src/crypto/crypto_ml_dsa.h b/src/crypto/crypto_ml_dsa.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6ecdedaee12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/crypto_ml_dsa.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#ifndef SRC_CRYPTO_CRYPTO_ML_DSA_H_
+#define SRC_CRYPTO_CRYPTO_ML_DSA_H_
+
+#if defined(NODE_WANT_INTERNALS) && NODE_WANT_INTERNALS
+
+#include "crypto/crypto_keys.h"
+#include "env.h"
+#include "v8.h"
+
+namespace node {
+namespace crypto {
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3 && OPENSSL_VERSION_MINOR >= 5
+bool ExportJwkMlDsaKey(Environment* env,
+                       const KeyObjectData& key,
+                       v8::Local<v8::Object> target);
+#endif
+}  // namespace crypto
+}  // namespace node
+
+#endif  // defined(NODE_WANT_INTERNALS) && NODE_WANT_INTERNALS
+#endif  // SRC_CRYPTO_CRYPTO_ML_DSA_H_
diff --git a/src/env_properties.h b/src/env_properties.h
index 7f82d41dc3a..edc013aec2d 100644
--- a/src/env_properties.h
+++ b/src/env_properties.h
@@ -115,6 +115,9 @@
   V(crypto_ec_string, "ec")                                                    \
   V(crypto_ed25519_string, "ed25519")                                          \
   V(crypto_ed448_string, "ed448")                                              \
+  V(crypto_ml_dsa_44_string, "ml-dsa-44")                                      \
+  V(crypto_ml_dsa_65_string, "ml-dsa-65")                                      \
+  V(crypto_ml_dsa_87_string, "ml-dsa-87")                                      \
   V(crypto_x25519_string, "x25519")                                            \
   V(crypto_x448_string, "x448")                                                \
   V(crypto_rsa_string, "rsa")                                                  \
@@ -220,6 +223,8 @@
   V(issuer_string, "issuer")                                                   \
   V(issuercert_string, "issuerCertificate")                                    \
   V(iterator_string, "Iterator")                                               \
+  V(jwk_akp_string, "AKP")                                                     \
+  V(jwk_alg_string, "alg")                                                     \
   V(jwk_crv_string, "crv")                                                     \
   V(jwk_d_string, "d")                                                         \
   V(jwk_dp_string, "dp")                                                       \
@@ -229,13 +234,15 @@
   V(jwk_ec_string, "EC")                                                       \
   V(jwk_g_string, "g")                                                         \
   V(jwk_k_string, "k")                                                         \
-  V(jwk_p_string, "p")                                                         \
-  V(jwk_q_string, "q")                                                         \
-  V(jwk_qi_string, "qi")                                                       \
   V(jwk_kty_string, "kty")                                                     \
   V(jwk_n_string, "n")                                                         \
   V(jwk_oct_string, "oct")                                                     \
   V(jwk_okp_string, "OKP")                                                     \
+  V(jwk_p_string, "p")                                                         \
+  V(jwk_priv_string, "priv")                                                   \
+  V(jwk_pub_string, "pub")                                                     \
+  V(jwk_q_string, "q")                                                         \
+  V(jwk_qi_string, "qi")                                                       \
   V(jwk_rsa_string, "RSA")                                                     \
   V(jwk_x_string, "x")                                                         \
   V(jwk_y_string, "y")                                                         \
diff --git a/src/node_crypto.h b/src/node_crypto.h
index 04d44599854..d34ff52daff 100644
--- a/src/node_crypto.h
+++ b/src/node_crypto.h
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 #include "crypto/crypto_hmac.h"
 #include "crypto/crypto_keygen.h"
 #include "crypto/crypto_keys.h"
+#include "crypto/crypto_ml_dsa.h"
 #include "crypto/crypto_pbkdf2.h"
 #include "crypto/crypto_random.h"
 #include "crypto/crypto_rsa.h"
diff --git a/test/fixtures/keys/Makefile b/test/fixtures/keys/Makefile
index ffb84ec353b..7ab71970483 100644
--- a/test/fixtures/keys/Makefile
+++ b/test/fixtures/keys/Makefile
@@ -98,6 +98,18 @@ all: \
   incorrect_san_correct_subject-key.pem \
   irrelevant_san_correct_subject-cert.pem \
   irrelevant_san_correct_subject-key.pem \
+  ml_dsa_44_private.pem \
+  ml_dsa_44_private_seed_only.pem \
+  ml_dsa_44_private_priv_only.pem \
+  ml_dsa_44_public.pem \
+  ml_dsa_65_private.pem \
+  ml_dsa_65_private_seed_only.pem \
+  ml_dsa_65_private_priv_only.pem \
+  ml_dsa_65_public.pem \
+  ml_dsa_87_private.pem \
+  ml_dsa_87_private_seed_only.pem \
+  ml_dsa_87_private_priv_only.pem \
+  ml_dsa_87_public.pem \
 
 #
 # Create Certificate Authority: ca1
@@ -855,6 +867,42 @@ ed448_private.pem:
 ed448_public.pem: ed448_private.pem
 	openssl pkey -in ed448_private.pem -pubout -out ed448_public.pem
 
+ml_dsa_44_private.pem:
+	openssl genpkey -algorithm ml-dsa-44 -out ml_dsa_44_private.pem
+
+ml_dsa_44_private_seed_only.pem: ml_dsa_44_private.pem
+	openssl pkey -in ml_dsa_44_private.pem -provparam ml-dsa.output_formats=seed-only -out ml_dsa_44_private_seed_only.pem
+
+ml_dsa_44_private_priv_only.pem: ml_dsa_44_private.pem
+	openssl pkey -in ml_dsa_44_private.pem -provparam ml-dsa.output_formats=priv-only -out ml_dsa_44_private_priv_only.pem
+
+ml_dsa_44_public.pem: ml_dsa_44_private.pem
+	openssl pkey -in ml_dsa_44_private.pem -pubout -out ml_dsa_44_public.pem
+
+ml_dsa_65_private.pem:
+	openssl genpkey -algorithm ml-dsa-65 -out ml_dsa_65_private.pem
+
+ml_dsa_65_private_seed_only.pem: ml_dsa_65_private.pem
+	openssl pkey -in ml_dsa_65_private.pem -provparam ml-dsa.output_formats=seed-only -out ml_dsa_65_private_seed_only.pem
+
+ml_dsa_65_private_priv_only.pem: ml_dsa_65_private.pem
+	openssl pkey -in ml_dsa_65_private.pem -provparam ml-dsa.output_formats=priv-only -out ml_dsa_65_private_priv_only.pem
+
+ml_dsa_65_public.pem: ml_dsa_65_private.pem
+	openssl pkey -in ml_dsa_65_private.pem -pubout -out ml_dsa_65_public.pem
+
+ml_dsa_87_private.pem:
+	openssl genpkey -algorithm ml-dsa-87 -out ml_dsa_87_private.pem
+
+ml_dsa_87_private_seed_only.pem: ml_dsa_87_private.pem
+	openssl pkey -in ml_dsa_87_private.pem -provparam ml-dsa.output_formats=seed-only -out ml_dsa_87_private_seed_only.pem
+
+ml_dsa_87_private_priv_only.pem: ml_dsa_87_private.pem
+	openssl pkey -in ml_dsa_87_private.pem -provparam ml-dsa.output_formats=priv-only -out ml_dsa_87_private_priv_only.pem
+
+ml_dsa_87_public.pem: ml_dsa_87_private.pem
+	openssl pkey -in ml_dsa_87_private.pem -pubout -out ml_dsa_87_public.pem
+
 x448_private.pem:
 	openssl genpkey -algorithm x448 -out x448_private.pem
 
diff --git a/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_44_private.pem b/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_44_private.pem
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e856bb9ddb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_44_private.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
+MIIKPgIBADALBglghkgBZQMEAxEEggoqMIIKJgQg273AhMPiZWLlSQCY41yi1fMj
+6xavGH0btB23zMhI1uYEggoAfYmD1Rx/jkoW9KG7Bs/5zyYEiWEZs15tYBxNdKq9
+Nirz5yNjqbIxcVRNQBIe5zeinrkGIfqRUjzll47/zVrs1bHvs67MS9Tqkmure606
+iUAbjQSSSfiNMs7+0KLDde4dPc/nLynZu2LCKviOpvxIIAw9kfarvBR3e6Ny+/4C
+G8KIEEnkNGXjRDADNwASQERhloVDOBBLtClBQmoIkmghEwUBAImDFEHSQmZkJAqS
+FmgCJmJJxARRCC1KxCREtBERtIEKFmoIBEoAMmgERoATNHGBtIwIGWiEgGgBI3GJ
+lICDRkIBxYyTGEBiggmguCyMKCRYNmpZFGyhNGQQA2QIhUwjxYGJxInUKG3CMIxS
+tm0RgiwaABAYpDDYSArZtoTImAQUCUDhhpAbQErKggSRknEINE5CSIKkJIiREoQa
+I2AkxQWjtkmRsAUIQjEYqQEAI40hEVLgsjHaJIGhRgICtYQbGWGUlEGkAghctBGK
+JJBRQGwYsYmLhADRNDHSsITTsClDNDEDkG0LRQ4BI43QkG0AhWmCRhEiF4yglnCE
+og0AEUkUmTBIlEmCFnEDRiFCMmYhJAEAswwTSYyUQiwKhxDZxAXjuIBAwBCDAgUR
+EkgTAgaTAFEUFTERkxCIKFDMxCAJOIQYRmTRNgWEqJBZmGnkEhIIFoTDSBIDhg0k
+JCSgCAbBII3QwE0MJnDRyAiYCDAChAhChBCiIAGQAiACR1FIkkkDoHEJGJDgspHi
+qG2KEGUTM0CcBmSDwohJNEmKQiICFU0BRmYbo2TSAA0DxmEMiQhTqCAYGG2gJg7a
+kGHSSAzgRiBjFBCiGEaMqCQDJiKAFgIbJIECMyVYApFUkHGiFjFLhmhAiHAYQUZI
+omXEAmTkqEDjsEQBEIEhFUUaAmJYQCJUBoViGGSaIjIBpZHcyFAMEwAMIgkZwwxj
+OI4BsIELOUZEIoocMQHEIoiDsAHjAoZhNgLKhgQJBgjQolHThIUCREjaRBBjOIAQ
+MhIRQXIkQSWZJgSMuAQRCQhcRGmRxABchAUYMmYRyGFYNIKblo2JqCHcpohguGhJ
+lAzBmGlMlk3IIoxjJk4Zs2UBuSXiIo0ZwGTSiGlMuHFYFIkaSJFJNEnRlIEbpmzT
+pohbhFGCAlJjICYkhigIJ1ISQkSKpJDMkoBIMkoUhmwCJXLbBEwBpmyLgiXBEmSQ
+Ng7bRyG4wjDVpM+H4L1ZvmSDBST5YCbGqeGir7YK29Nt58Wpg+kSI/w4MG/vPHpA
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+PscuPafR3GM0vQEyMfNoAkukfznLCF0eMvvCZ90MygrabtXZuG2SkRcmxKys/zAF
+ijuoIzlWK4ZDdQsSOK4dq+Wo0nJP+chiB9fj8JMEQmfvjil9fU/Xo7nqJ+shVdDU
+vX4OYFfnvE3Kah4ezD+BQFfre34g2F2De/UX0df7ml7qNaKCYUyq8k1zgFb/wdrF
+0HVLYpqc9/20e6zv64O3rIXwYcFaboBQ4NPFXqpjLgdhTRp1qn2+7LPwucAyBYpb
+likuI0W8o2Jf57dTL2BYUjojrXIKnCqBDd8ynp/kWr7JG+N6VXtAVQtW5LpxMsAC
+sSKzuw5aO+wPzW9X6BW30paXza9S03HPIVC/Ll+Z5Ke8NZQOHL8pr6toeNGIrLhf
+2HMF7yK9vnUe2mUuCYJ5+TOmQK0LdsUs/qmPpU5P7hHEy5R/BxpJkZpb1B92BNyX
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+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_44_private_priv_only.pem b/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_44_private_priv_only.pem
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9c7d0d492bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_44_private_priv_only.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
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+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_44_private_seed_only.pem b/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_44_private_seed_only.pem
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..96a404dc712
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_44_private_seed_only.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
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+t8zISNbm
+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_44_public.pem b/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_44_public.pem
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..890e65ccedb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_44_public.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
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+-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
diff --git a/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_65_private.pem b/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_65_private.pem
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..afdf08bec4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_65_private.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
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+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_65_private_priv_only.pem b/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_65_private_priv_only.pem
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e0e628291fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_65_private_priv_only.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
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+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_65_private_seed_only.pem b/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_65_private_seed_only.pem
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..894b948293c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_65_private_seed_only.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
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+KwzZSVQY
+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_65_public.pem b/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_65_public.pem
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..233d86a0457
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_65_public.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
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+-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
diff --git a/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_87_private.pem b/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_87_private.pem
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4ee303b92d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_87_private.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
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+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_87_private_priv_only.pem b/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_87_private_priv_only.pem
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..71a1267c884
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_87_private_priv_only.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
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++589VN2umDAHnN5Aw3VbaIZx8XqWx32OGlZpJQ==
+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_87_private_seed_only.pem b/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_87_private_seed_only.pem
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4a712f03f3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_87_private_seed_only.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
+MDQCAQAwCwYJYIZIAWUDBAMTBCKAIC2UjpRD21PUuf5krDFC3308sWbuqihDkNZ3
+xItjQrHI
+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_87_public.pem b/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_87_public.pem
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c734e59000b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/keys/ml_dsa_87_public.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
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+S9+/QEkRno/BZDVmjsqhj+gJ6uT0iQ==
+-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto-pqc-key-objects-ml-dsa.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto-pqc-key-objects-ml-dsa.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..37eab463dea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/parallel/test-crypto-pqc-key-objects-ml-dsa.js
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const common = require('../common');
+if (!common.hasCrypto)
+  common.skip('missing crypto');
+
+const { hasOpenSSL } = require('../common/crypto');
+
+const assert = require('assert');
+const {
+  createPublicKey,
+  createPrivateKey,
+} = require('crypto');
+
+const fixtures = require('../common/fixtures');
+
+function getKeyFileName(type, suffix) {
+  return `${type.replaceAll('-', '_')}_${suffix}.pem`;
+}
+
+for (const [asymmetricKeyType, pubLen] of [
+  ['ml-dsa-44', 1312], ['ml-dsa-65', 1952], ['ml-dsa-87', 2592],
+]) {
+  const keys = {
+    public: fixtures.readKey(getKeyFileName(asymmetricKeyType, 'public'), 'ascii'),
+    private: fixtures.readKey(getKeyFileName(asymmetricKeyType, 'private'), 'ascii'),
+    private_seed_only: fixtures.readKey(getKeyFileName(asymmetricKeyType, 'private_seed_only'), 'ascii'),
+    private_priv_only: fixtures.readKey(getKeyFileName(asymmetricKeyType, 'private_priv_only'), 'ascii'),
+  };
+
+  function assertJwk(jwk) {
+    assert.strictEqual(jwk.kty, 'AKP');
+    assert.strictEqual(jwk.alg, asymmetricKeyType.toUpperCase());
+    assert.ok(jwk.pub);
+    assert.strictEqual(Buffer.from(jwk.pub, 'base64url').byteLength, pubLen);
+  }
+
+  function assertPublicJwk(jwk) {
+    assertJwk(jwk);
+    assert.ok(!jwk.priv);
+  }
+
+  function assertPrivateJwk(jwk) {
+    assertJwk(jwk);
+    assert.ok(jwk.priv);
+    assert.strictEqual(Buffer.from(jwk.priv, 'base64url').byteLength, 32);
+  }
+
+  function assertKey(key) {
+    assert.deepStrictEqual(key.asymmetricKeyDetails, {});
+    assert.strictEqual(key.asymmetricKeyType, asymmetricKeyType);
+    assert.strictEqual(key.equals(key), true);
+    assert.deepStrictEqual(key, key);
+  }
+
+  function assertPublicKey(key) {
+    assertKey(key);
+    assert.strictEqual(key.type, 'public');
+    assert.strictEqual(key.export({ format: 'pem', type: 'spki' }), keys.public);
+    key.export({ format: 'der', type: 'spki' });
+    const jwk = key.export({ format: 'jwk' });
+    assertPublicJwk(jwk);
+    assert.strictEqual(key.equals(createPublicKey({ format: 'jwk', key: jwk })), true);
+  }
+
+  function assertPrivateKey(key, hasSeed) {
+    assertKey(key);
+    assert.strictEqual(key.type, 'private');
+    assertPublicKey(createPublicKey(key));
+    key.export({ format: 'der', type: 'pkcs8' });
+    if (hasSeed) {
+      assert.strictEqual(key.export({ format: 'pem', type: 'pkcs8' }), keys.private);
+    } else {
+      assert.strictEqual(key.export({ format: 'pem', type: 'pkcs8' }), keys.private_priv_only);
+    }
+    if (hasSeed) {
+      const jwk = key.export({ format: 'jwk' });
+      assertPrivateJwk(jwk);
+      assert.strictEqual(key.equals(createPrivateKey({ format: 'jwk', key: jwk })), true);
+      assert.ok(createPublicKey({ format: 'jwk', key: jwk }));
+    } else {
+      assert.throws(() => key.export({ format: 'jwk' }),
+                    { code: 'ERR_CRYPTO_OPERATION_FAILED', message: 'key does not have an available seed' });
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!hasOpenSSL(3, 5)) {
+    assert.throws(() => createPublicKey(keys.public), {
+      code: hasOpenSSL(3) ? 'ERR_OSSL_EVP_DECODE_ERROR' : 'ERR_OSSL_EVP_UNSUPPORTED_ALGORITHM',
+    });
+
+    for (const pem of [keys.private, keys.private_seed_only, keys.private_priv_only]) {
+      assert.throws(() => createPrivateKey(pem), {
+        code: hasOpenSSL(3) ? 'ERR_OSSL_UNSUPPORTED' : 'ERR_OSSL_EVP_UNSUPPORTED_ALGORITHM',
+      });
+    }
+  } else {
+    const publicKey = createPublicKey(keys.public);
+    assertPublicKey(publicKey);
+
+    {
+      for (const [pem, hasSeed] of [
+        [keys.private, true],
+        [keys.private_seed_only, true],
+        [keys.private_priv_only, false],
+      ]) {
+        const pubFromPriv = createPublicKey(pem);
+        assertPublicKey(pubFromPriv);
+        assertPrivateKey(createPrivateKey(pem), hasSeed);
+        assert.strictEqual(pubFromPriv.equals(publicKey), true);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+{
+  const format = 'jwk';
+  const jwk = {
+    kty: 'AKP',
+    alg: 'ML-DSA-44',
+    priv: '9_uqvxH0WKJFgfLyse1a1des2bwPgsHctl_jCt5AfEo',
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @stylistic/js/max-len
+    pub: 'SXghXj9P-DJ5eznNa_zLJxRxpa0mt86WlIid0EVEv1qraLBkC1UKevSZrjtgo1QUEN0oa3tP-HyYj8Onnc1zEnxsSoeC5A-PgywKgYuZP581wGPS-cbA2-5acsg-YUi_9fDkLR5YOTQQ3Iu952K1m8w0QDIBxZjecm32HgkD56CCC6ZyBOwfx9qcNUeO0aImya1igzL2_LRsqomogl9OuduWhtussAavGlAK7ZR4_4lmyjWcdeIc-z--iy42biV5d_tnopfNTJFlycBKinZu3h0lr4-ldl6apGDIyvSdZulhgj_j6jgEX-AgQZgS93ctx680GvROkBL7YI_3iXW3REWzVgS9HLasagEi2h6-RYQ9RzgUTODbei5fNRj3bNSqr8IKTZ08DCsRasN61TGwE3F7meoauw2NYkV51mhTxIafwhLWJrRA4C09Y-afrOtqk6a7Fiy21ObP95TGujXwThuwQSjKcUzTdCbD94ERhleZLqnPYEpb6_Jcc1OBY3kUJvCjoUhXwbW6PhWr533JDEFHoNCkPfhHS7vVCUFx4mQASkPLBud5arFSZU1uDStuiftJXfnQTWaMoJeA1N6rywB3xwLH__lHZQwEh4KnuYVuCeOMU1t8inuHI4EpZ4iTi2LrL0Cl6HadpHv-GENYwuPDVq9qg2Mo75o1X6wpPSN1J5KUDAATyR_0hurg4A1DlVpVWtykP5YWEmx_g5w4MZfEVwH-JJjEhJRxLKajxrjfG4XlnwwxPTznr1k1Mb7getKbLSbiMA3fvAgl1IjBIB8eFaISauFPpLPSpKHCVZrQYPIKSxMVdlXHgwm3CRrkR29GevCM5iSwRHQK6_HWfIQIlJ8H7uVQqXkNMvNmFldnfi3dj-oY6wMhs1ffP4RAsb5UTljvhJc6GoygBL_b0rv4aKcywDF8wa2P6B8gGFl6cVvWBQmWLJ-HL5RR68J_OmvJUm3PD-wwX3YigStd6thdTNlHOZhl4ysn8ulkFY3Rz2jEBV_nO6EXBLdOmxn_yX77qQ9yPcE64uC8iDTFWpQU1gmOF38od96oYD-T-whVl1NLD2bOvFVdd4UmWpb3Ui8AYzKzFBHNczAogQfplFmr8VABsgtWk8hW8csam70NADWK54SZOPQHeiOt1Mb488OZiDpX0FifEnCac78C_5uEiOPa8FAHpgUJ_XeXg83doDsAvrE1ZkrgFDwzT5pUTLyqh9eI1PAQKCoKmAbofcZM65o_qGvmnpN8fGVudOoHb0_Dqu_E2RBbaLcxsIe5jWmGmth4sb_4ANLFCmtt8T8sDmOdcYtQmhpUzg6rjDqeU76yq6fC15bGjT6Qc-EAgrUftFVwLw2UIGAbHmeAyFbSuJiMaUDJeYoZ3zxoID_DRCP9kN3ty-EQMHM9BZgXlH9dJ8ZUCAeH59h4PinM5LQuiS_kvP1iyT1Be6sYglV2dB7W_AziOcrrBiLfjazbUUpwqLm4_Yt_QwYJrAWfYyFOxkKxkT5qi2c1RNGBtiYjv8X_TRJDg0uxX_Hbq0Pc7yYezFQdFYIlRAvJcnc8PiOfhWtQZpCIYKTskg_Y2UfVvjydXYcGuIA2700PzR9ga-1VR7mv9UOLHe2x4ALiOO7Iz6KgOfVYMJ9dIC7f4HY9nrnLdhfKw5dcIf7RDhDqrkPyz8LLTuAuO-hGSwoP35XFkf0FQ8f1Cg5J_k-S3S2dCj8DXIRLcEJ9Qb5zvDofIPSmNKlvwJkqplDLBWlAow'
+  };
+
+  if (hasOpenSSL(3, 5)) {
+    assert.throws(() => createPrivateKey({ format, key: { ...jwk, alg: 'ml-dsa-44' } }),
+                  { code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE', message: /must be one of: 'ML-DSA-44', 'ML-DSA-65', 'ML-DSA-87'/ });
+    assert.throws(() => createPrivateKey({ format, key: { ...jwk, alg: undefined } }),
+                  { code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE', message: /must be one of: 'ML-DSA-44', 'ML-DSA-65', 'ML-DSA-87'/ });
+    assert.throws(() => createPrivateKey({ format, key: { ...jwk, pub: undefined } }),
+                  { code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE', message: /The "key\.pub" property must be of type string/ });
+    assert.throws(() => createPrivateKey({ format, key: { ...jwk, priv: undefined } }),
+                  { code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE', message: /The "key\.priv" property must be of type string/ });
+    assert.throws(() => createPrivateKey({ format, key: { ...jwk, priv: Buffer.alloc(33).toString('base64url') } }),
+                  { code: 'ERR_CRYPTO_INVALID_JWK' });
+    assert.throws(() => createPublicKey({ format, key: { ...jwk, pub: Buffer.alloc(1313).toString('base64url') } }),
+                  { code: 'ERR_CRYPTO_INVALID_JWK' });
+
+    assert.ok(createPrivateKey({ format, key: jwk }));
+    assert.ok(createPublicKey({ format, key: jwk }));
+
+    // Test vectors from ietf-cose-dilithium
+    {
+      for (const jwk of [
+        {
+          kty: 'AKP',
+          alg: 'ML-DSA-44',
+          // eslint-disable-next-line @stylistic/js/max-len
+          pub: 'unH59k4RuutY-pxvu24U5h8YZD2rSVtHU5qRZsoBmBMcRPgmu9VuNOVdteXi1zNIXjnqJg_GAAxepLqA00Vc3lO0bzRIKu39VFD8Lhuk8l0V-cFEJC-zm7UihxiQMMUEmOFxe3x1ixkKZ0jqmqP3rKryx8tSbtcXyfea64QhT6XNje2SoMP6FViBDxLHBQo2dwjRls0k5a-XSQSu2OTOiHLoaWsLe8pQ5FLNfTDqmkrawDEdZyxr3oSWJAsHQxRjcIiVzZuvwxYy1zl2STiP2vy_fTBaPemkleynQzqPg7oPCyXEE8bjnJbrfWkbNNN8438e6tHPIX4l7zTuzz98YPhLjt_d6EBdT4MldsYe-Y4KLyjaGHcAlTkk9oa5RhRwW89T0z_t1DSO3dvfKLUGXh8gd1BD6Fz5MfgpF5NjoafnQEqDjsAAhrCXY4b-Y3yYJEdX4_dp3dRGdHG_rWcPmgX4JG7lCnser4f8QGnDriqiAzJYEXeS8LzUngg_0bx0lqv_KcyU5IaLISFO0xZSU5mmEPvdSoDnyAcV8pV44qhLtAvd29n0ehG259oRihtljTWeiu9V60a1N2tbZVl5mEqSK-6_xZvNYA1TCdzNctvweH24unV7U3wer9XA9Q6kvJWDVJ4oKaQsKMrCSMlteBJMRxWbGK7ddUq6F7GdQw-3j2M-qdJvVKm9UPjY9rc1lPgol25-oJxTu7nxGlbJUH-4m5pevAN6NyZ6lfhbjWTKlxkrEKZvQXs_Yf6cpXEwpI_ZJeriq1UC1XHIpRkDwdOY9MH3an4RdDl2r9vGl_IwlKPNdh_5aF3jLgn7PCit1FNJAwC8fIncAXgAlgcXIpRXdfJk4bBiO89GGccSyDh2EgXYdpG3XvNgGWy7npuSoNTE7WIyblAk13UQuO4sdCbMIuriCdyfE73mvwj15xgb07RZRQtFGlFTmnFcIdZ90zDrWXDbANntv7KCKwNvoTuv64bY3HiGbj-NQ-U9eMylWVpvr4hrXcES8c9K3PqHWADZC0iIOvlzFv4VBoc_wVflcOrL_SIoaNFCNBAZZq-2v5lAgpJTqVOtqJ_HVraoSfcKy5g45p-qULunXj6Jwq21fobQiKubBKKOZwcJFyJD7F4ACKXOrz-HIvSHMCWW_9dVrRuCpJw0s0aVFbRqopDNhu446nqb4_EDYQM1tTHMozPd_jKxRRD0sH75X8ZoToxFSpLBDbtdWcenxj-zBf6IGWfZnmaetjKEBYJWC7QDQx1A91pJVJCEgieCkoIfTqkeQuePpIyu48g2FG3P1zjRF-kumhUTfSjo5qS0YiZQy0E1BMs6M11EvuxXRsHClLHoy5nLYI2Sj4zjVjYyxSHyPRPGGo9hwB34yWxzYNtPPGiqXS_dNCpi_zRZwRY4lCGrQ-hYTEWIK1Dm5OlttvC4_eiQ1dv63NiGkLRJ5kJA3bICN0fzCDY-MBqnd1cWn8YVBijVkgtaoascjL9EywDgJdeHnXK0eeOvUxHHhXJVkNqcibn8O4RQdpVU60TSA-uiu675ytIjcBHC6kTv8A8pmkj_4oypPd-F92YIJC741swkYQoeIHj8rE-ThcMUkF7KqC5VORbZTRp8HsZSqgiJcIPaouuxd1-8Rxrid3fXkE6p8bkrysPYoxWEJgh7ZFsRCPDWX-yTeJwFN0PKFP1j0F6YtlLfK5wv-c4F8ZQHA_-yc_gODicy7KmWDZgbTP07e7gEWzw4MFRrndjbDQ',
+          priv: 'AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA'
+        },
+        {
+          kty: 'AKP',
+          alg: 'ML-DSA-65',
+          // eslint-disable-next-line @stylistic/js/max-len
+          pub: 'QksvJn5Y1bO0TXGs_Gpla7JpUNV8YdsciAvPof6rRD8JQquL2619cIq7w1YHj22ZolInH-YsdAkeuUr7m5JkxQqIjg3-2AzV-yy9NmfmDVOevkSTAhnNT67RXbs0VaJkgCufSbzkLudVD-_91GQqVa3mk4aKRgy-wD9PyZpOMLzP-opHXlOVOWZ067galJN1h4gPbb0nvxxPWp7kPN2LDlOzt_tJxzrfvC1PjFQwNSDCm_l-Ju5X2zQtlXyJOTZSLQlCtB2C7jdyoAVwrftUXBFDkisElvgmoKlwBks23fU0tfjhwc0LVWXqhGtFQx8GGBQ-zol3e7P2EXmtIClf4KbgYq5u7Lwu848qwaItyTt7EmM2IjxVth64wHlVQruy3GXnIurcaGb_qWg764qZmteoPl5uAWwuTDX292Sa071S7GfsHFxue5lydxIYvpVUu6dyfwuExEubCovYMfz_LJd5zNTKMMatdbBJg-Qd6JPuXznqc1UYC3CccEXCLTOgg_auB6EUdG0b_cy-5bkEOHm7Wi4SDipGNig_ShzUkkot5qSqPZnd2I9IqqToi_0ep2nYLBB3ny3teW21Qpccoom3aGPt5Zl7fpzhg7Q8zsJ4sQ2SuHRCzgQ1uxYlFx21VUtHAjnFDSoMOkGyo4gH2wcLR7-z59EPPNl51pljyNefgCnMSkjrBPyz1wiET-uqi23f8Bq2TVk1jmUFxOwdfLsU7SIS30WOzvwD_gMDexUFpMlEQyL1-Y36kaTLjEWGCi2tx1FTULttQx5JpryPW6lW5oKw5RMyGpfRliYCiRyQePYqipZGoxOHpvCWhCZIN4meDY7H0RxWWQEpiyCzRQgWkOtMViwao6Jb7wZWbLNMebwLJeQJXWunk-gTEeQaMykVJobwDUiX-E_E7fSybVRTZXherY1jrvZKh8C5Gi5VADg5Vs319uN8-dVILRyOOlvjjxclmsRcn6HEvTvxd9MS7lKm2gI8BXIqhzgnTdqNGwTpmDHPV8hygqJWxWXCltBSSgY6OkGkioMAmXjZjYq_Ya9o6AE7WU_hUdm-wZmQLExwtJWEIBdDxrUxA9L9JL3weNyQtaGItPjXcheZiNBBbJTUxXwIYLnXtT1M0mHzMqGFFWXVKsN_AIdHyv4yDzY9m-tuQRfbQ_2K7r5eDOL1Tj8DZ-s8yXG74MMBqOUvlglJNgNcbuPKLRPbSDoN0E3BYkfeDgiUrXy34a5-vU-PkAWCsgAh539wJUUBxqw90V1Du7eTHFKDJEMSFYwusbPhEX4ZTwoeTHg--8Ysn4HCFWLQ00pfBCteqvMvMflcWwVfTnogcPsJb1bEFVSc3nTzhk6Ln8J-MplyS0Y5mGBEtVko_WlyeFsoDCWj4hqrgU7L-ww8vsCRSQfskH8lodiLzj0xmugiKjWUXbYq98x1zSnB9dmPy5P3UNwwMQdpebtR38N9I-jup4Bzok0-JsaOe7EORZ8ld7kAgDWa4K7BAxjc2eD540Apwxs-VLGFVkXbQgYYeDNG2tW1Xt20-XezJqZVUl6-IZXsqc7DijwNInO3fT5o8ZAcLKUUlzSlEXe8sIlHaxjLoJ-oubRtlKKUbzWOHeyxmYZSxYqQhSQj4sheedGXJEYWJ-Y5DRqB-xpy-cftxL10fdXIUhe1hWFBAoQU3b5xRY8KCytYnfLhsFF4O49xhnax3vuumLpJbCqTXpLureoKg5PvWfnpFPB0P-ZWQN35mBzqbb3ZV6U0rU55DvyXTuiZOK2Z1TxbaAd1OZMmg0cpuzewgueV-Nh_UubIqNto5RXCd7vqgqdXDUKAiWyYegYIkD4wbGMqIjxV8Oo2ggOcSj9UQPS1rD5u0rLckAzsxyty9Q5JsmKa0w8Eh7Jwe4Yob4xPVWWbJfm916avRgzDxXo5gmY7txdGFYHhlolJKdhBU9h6f0gtKEtbiUzhp4IWsqAR8riHQs7lLVEz6P537a4kL1r5FjfDf_yjJDBQmy_kdWMDqaNln-MlKK8eENjUO-qZGy0Ql4bMZtNbHXjfJUuSzapA-RqYfkqSLKgQUOW8NTDKhUk73yqCU3TQqDEKaGAoTsPscyMm7u_8QrvUK8kbc-XnxrWZ0BZJBjdinzh2w-QvjbWQ5mqFp4OMgY94__tIU8vvCUNJiYA1RdyodlfPfH5-avpxOCvBD6C7ZIDyQ-6huGEQEAb6DP8ydWIZQ8xY603DoEKKXkJWcP6CJo3nHFEdj_vcEbDQ-WESDpcQFa1fRIiGuALj-sEWcjGdSHyE8QATOcuWl4TLVzRPKAf4tCXx1zyvhJbXQu0jf0yfzVpOhPun4n-xqK4SxPBCeuJOkQ2VG9jDXWH4pnjbAcrqjveJqVti7huMXTLGuqU2uoihBw6mGqu_WSlOP2-XTEyRyvxbv2t-z9V6GPt1V9ceBukA0oGwtJqgD-q7NXFK8zhw7desI5PZMXf3nuVgbJ3xdvAlzkmm5f9RoqQS6_hqwPQEcclq1MEZ3yML5hc99TDtZWy9gGkhR0Hs3QJxxgP7bEqGFP-HjTPnJsrGaT6TjKP7qCxJlcFKLUr5AU_kxMULeUysWWtSGJ9mpxBvsyW1Juo',
+          priv: 'AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA'
+        },
+        {
+          kty: 'AKP',
+          alg: 'ML-DSA-87',
+          // eslint-disable-next-line @stylistic/js/max-len
+          pub: '5F_8jMc9uIXcZi5ioYzY44AylxF_pWWIFKmFtf8dt7Roz8gruSnx2Gt37RT1rhamU2h3LOUZEkEBBeBFaXWukf22Q7US8STV5gvWi4x-Mf4Bx7DcZa5HBQHMVlpuHfz8_RJWVDPEr-3VEYIeLpYQxFJ14oNt7jXO1p1--mcv0eQxi-9etuiX6LRRqiAt7QQrKq73envj9pkUbaIpqL2z_6SWRFln51IXv7yQSPmVZEPYcx-DPrMN4Q2slv_-fPZeoERcPjHoYB4TO-ahAHZP4xluJncmRB8xdR-_mm9YgGRPTnJ15X3isPEF5NsFXVDdHJyTT931NbjeKLDHTARJ8iLNLtC7j7x3XM7oyUBmW0D3EvT34AdQ6eHkzZz_JdGUXD6bylPM1PEu7nWBhW69aPJoRZVuPnvrdh8P51vdMb_i-gGBEzl7OHvVnWKmi4r3-iRauTLmn3eOLO79ITBPu4CZ6hPY6lfBgTGXovda4lEHW1Ha04-FNmnp1fmKNlUJiUGZOhWUhg-6cf5TDuXCn1jyl4r2iMy3Wlg4o1nBEumOJahYOsjawfhh_Vjir7pd5aUuAgkE9bQrwIdONb788-YRloR2jzbgCPBHEhd86-YnYHOB5W6q7hYcFym43lHb3kdNSMxoJJ6icWK4eZPmDITtbMZCPLNnbZ61CyyrWjoEnvExOB1iP6b7y8nbHnzAJeoEGLna0sxszU6V-izsJP7spwMYp1Fxa3IT9j7b9lpjM4NX-Dj5TsBxgiwkhRJIiFEHs9HE6SRnjHYU6hrwOBBGGfKuNylAvs-mninLtf9sPiCke-Sk90usNMEzwApqcGrMxv_T2OT71pqZcE4Sg8hQ2MWNHldTzZWHuDxMNGy5pYE3IT7BCDTGat_iu1xQGo7y7K3Rtnej3xpt64br8HIsT1Aw4g-QGN1bb8U-6iT9kre1tAJf6umW0-SP1MZQ2C261-r5NmOWmFEvJiU9LvaEfIUY6FZcyaVJXG__V83nMjiCxUp9tHCrLa-P_Sv3lPp8aS2ef71TLuzB14gOLKCzIWEovii0qfHRUfrJeAiwvZi3tDphKprIZYEr_qxvR0YCd4QLUqOwh_kWynztwPdo6ivRnqIRVfhLSgTEAArSrgWHFU1WC8Ckd6T5MpqJhN0x6x8qBePZGHAdYwz8qa9h7wiNLFWBrLRj5DmQLl1CVxnpVrjW33MFso4P8n060N4ghdKSSZsZozkNQ5b7O6yajYy-rSp6QpD8msb8oEX5imFKRaOcviQ2D4TRT45HJxKs63Tb9FtT1JoORzfkdv_E1bL3zSR6oYbTt2Stnpz-7kVqc8KR2N45EkFKxDkRw3IXOte0cq81xoU87S_ntf4KiVZaszuqb2XN2SgxnXBl4EDnpehPmqkD92SAlLrQcTaxaSe47G28K-8MwoVt4eeVkj4UEsSfJN7rbCH2yKl2XJx5huDaS0xn2ODQyNRmgk-5I9hXMUiZDNLvEzx4zuyrcu2d0oXFo3ZoUtVFNCB__TQCf2x27ej9GjLXLDAEi7qnl9Xfb94n0IfeVyGte3-j6NP3DWv8OrLiUjNTaLv6Fay1yzfUaU6LI86-Jd6ckloiGhg7kE0_hd-ZKakZxU1vh0Vzc6DW7MFAPky75iCZlDXoBpZjTNGo5HR-mCW_ozblu60U9zZA8bn-voANuu_hYwxh-uY1sHTFZOqp2xicnnMChz_GTm1Je8XCkICYegeiHUryEHA6T6B_L9gW8S_R4ptMD0Sv6b1KHqqKeubwKltCWPUsr2En9iYypnz06DEL5Wp8KMhrLid2AMPpLI0j1CWGJExXHpBWjfIC8vbYH4YKVl-euRo8eDcuKosb5hxUGM9Jvy1siVXUpIKpkZt2YLP5pEBP_EVOoHPh5LJomrLMpORr1wBKbEkfom7npX1g817bK4IeYmZELI8zXUUtUkx3LgNTckwjx90Vt6oVXpFEICIUDF_LAVMUftzz6JUvbwOZo8iAZqcnVslAmRXeY_ZPp5eEHFfHlsb8VQ73Rd_p8XlFf5R1WuWiUGp2TzJ-VQvj3BTdQfOwSxR9RUk4xjqNabLqTFcQ7As246bHJXH6XVnd4DbEIDPfNa8FaWb_DNEgQAiXGqa6n7l7aFq5_6Kp0XeBBM0sOzJt4fy8JC6U0DEcMnWxKFDtMM7q06LubQYFCEEdQ5b1Qh2LbQZ898tegmeF--EZ4F4hvYebZPV8sM0ZcsKBXyCr585qs00PRxr0S6rReekGRBIvXzMojmid3dxc6DPpdV3x5zxlxaIBxO3i_6axknSSdxnS04_bemWqQ3CLf6mpSqfTIQJT1407GB4QINAAC9Ch3AXUR_n1jr64TGWzbIr8uDcnoVCJlOgmlXpmOwubigAzJattbWRi7k4QYBnA3_4QMjt73n2Co4-F_Qh4boYLpmwWG2SwcIw2PeXGr2LY2zwkPR4bcSyx1Z6UK5trQpWlpQCxgsvV_RvGzpN22RtHoihPH74K0cBIzCz7tK-jqeuWl1A7af7KmQ66fpRBr5ykTLOsa17WblkcIB_jDvqKfEcdxhPWJUwmOo4TIQS-xH8arLOy_NQFG2m14_yxwUemXC-QxLUYi6_FIcqwPBKjCdpQtadRdyftQSKO0SP-GxUvamMZzWI780rXuOBkq5kyYLy9QF9bf_-bL6QLpe1WMCQlOeXZaCPoncgYoT0WZ17jB52Xb2lPWsyXYK54npszkbKJ4OIqfvF8xqRXcVe22VwJuqT9Uy4-4KKQgQ7TXla7Gdm2H7mKl8YXQlsGCT2Ypc8O4t0Sfw7qYAuaDGf752Hbm3fl1bupcB2huIPlIaDP6IRR9XvTYIW2flbwYfhKLmoVKnG85uUi2qtqCjPOIuU3-peT0othfmwKQXaoOqO-V4r6wPL1VHxVFtIYmEdVt0RccUOvpOVR_OAHG9uHOzTmueK5557Qxp0ojtZCHyN-hgoMZJLrvdKkTCxPNo2-mZQbHoVh2FnThZ9JbO49dB8lKXP4_MU5xAnjXMgKXtbfI8w6ZWATE_XWgf2VQMUpGp4wpy44yWQTxHxh_4T9540BGwG0FU0bkgrwA_erseGZnepqdmz5_ScCs84O5Xr5MbYhJLCGGxY6O5GqS-ooB2w0Mt87KbbE4bpYje9CAHH8FX3pDrJyLsyasA3zxmk4OmGpG7Z70ofONJtHRe56R5287vFmuazEEutXn81kNzB-3aJT1ga3vnWZw4CSvFKoWYSA7auLgrHSHFZdITfOrgtmQmGbFhM9kSBdY1UCnpzf65oos3PZWRa2twfUxxLAnPNtrxpRGyvtsapw7ljUagZmuyh3hLCjhAxYmnoE1dbyIWvpCqSlEtVjL1yb_nuLEzgvmZuV02fHxGuWgHTOMVGXpf81Rce3eoBK3lapW1wkzezlk3tcA2bZOtA9qbxdsbVR37kemzQ9K1e3Y0OWhtSj',
+          priv: 'AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA'
+        },
+      ]) {
+        assert.partialDeepStrictEqual(jwk, createPublicKey({ format, key: jwk }).export({ format: 'jwk' }));
+        assert.deepStrictEqual(createPrivateKey({ format, key: jwk }).export({ format: 'jwk' }), jwk);
+      }
+
+    }
+  } else {
+    assert.throws(() => createPrivateKey({ format, key: jwk }),
+                  { code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE', message: /must be one of: 'RSA', 'EC', 'OKP'\. Received 'AKP'/ });
+    assert.throws(() => createPublicKey({ format, key: jwk }),
+                  { code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE', message: /must be one of: 'RSA', 'EC', 'OKP'\. Received 'AKP'/ });
+  }
+}
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto-pqc-keygen-ml-dsa.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto-pqc-keygen-ml-dsa.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9fa0a0ffef5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/parallel/test-crypto-pqc-keygen-ml-dsa.js
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const common = require('../common');
+if (!common.hasCrypto)
+  common.skip('missing crypto');
+
+const { hasOpenSSL } = require('../common/crypto');
+
+const assert = require('assert');
+const {
+  generateKeyPair,
+} = require('crypto');
+
+if (!hasOpenSSL(3, 5)) {
+  for (const asymmetricKeyType of ['ml-dsa-44', 'ml-dsa-65', 'ml-dsa-87']) {
+    assert.throws(() => generateKeyPair(asymmetricKeyType, common.mustNotCall()), {
+      code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE',
+      message: /The argument 'type' must be a supported key type/
+    });
+  }
+} else {
+  for (const [asymmetricKeyType, pubLen] of [
+    ['ml-dsa-44', 1312], ['ml-dsa-65', 1952], ['ml-dsa-87', 2592],
+  ]) {
+
+    function assertJwk(jwk) {
+      assert.strictEqual(jwk.kty, 'AKP');
+      assert.strictEqual(jwk.alg, asymmetricKeyType.toUpperCase());
+      assert.ok(jwk.pub);
+      assert.strictEqual(Buffer.from(jwk.pub, 'base64url').byteLength, pubLen);
+    }
+
+    function assertPublicJwk(jwk) {
+      assertJwk(jwk);
+      assert.ok(!jwk.priv);
+    }
+
+    function assertPrivateJwk(jwk) {
+      assertJwk(jwk);
+      assert.ok(jwk.priv);
+      assert.strictEqual(Buffer.from(jwk.priv, 'base64url').byteLength, 32);
+    }
+
+    for (const [publicKeyEncoding, validate] of [
+      [undefined, (publicKey) => {
+        assert.strictEqual(publicKey.type, 'public');
+        assert.strictEqual(publicKey.asymmetricKeyType, asymmetricKeyType);
+        assert.deepStrictEqual(publicKey.asymmetricKeyDetails, {});
+      }],
+      [{ format: 'jwk' }, (publicKey) => assertPublicJwk(publicKey)],
+      [{ format: 'pem', type: 'spki' }, (publicKey) => assert.strictEqual(typeof publicKey, 'string')],
+      [{ format: 'der', type: 'spki' }, (publicKey) => assert.strictEqual(Buffer.isBuffer(publicKey), true)],
+    ]) {
+      generateKeyPair(asymmetricKeyType, { publicKeyEncoding }, common.mustSucceed(validate));
+    }
+    for (const [privateKeyEncoding, validate] of [
+      [undefined, (_, privateKey) => {
+        assert.strictEqual(privateKey.type, 'private');
+        assert.strictEqual(privateKey.asymmetricKeyType, asymmetricKeyType);
+        assert.deepStrictEqual(privateKey.asymmetricKeyDetails, {});
+      }],
+      [{ format: 'jwk' }, (_, privateKey) => assertPrivateJwk(privateKey)],
+      [{ format: 'pem', type: 'pkcs8' }, (_, privateKey) => assert.strictEqual(typeof privateKey, 'string')],
+      [{ format: 'der', type: 'pkcs8' }, (_, privateKey) => assert.strictEqual(Buffer.isBuffer(privateKey), true)],
+    ]) {
+      generateKeyPair(asymmetricKeyType, { privateKeyEncoding }, common.mustSucceed(validate));
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto-pqc-sign-verify-ml-dsa.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto-pqc-sign-verify-ml-dsa.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..de3937dbc07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/parallel/test-crypto-pqc-sign-verify-ml-dsa.js
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const common = require('../common');
+if (!common.hasCrypto)
+  common.skip('missing crypto');
+
+const { hasOpenSSL } = require('../common/crypto');
+
+if (!hasOpenSSL(3, 5))
+  common.skip('requires OpenSSL >= 3.5');
+
+const assert = require('assert');
+const {
+  randomBytes,
+  sign,
+  verify,
+  createPublicKey,
+  createPrivateKey,
+} = require('crypto');
+
+const fixtures = require('../common/fixtures');
+
+function getKeyFileName(type, suffix) {
+  return `${type.replaceAll('-', '_')}_${suffix}.pem`;
+}
+
+for (const [asymmetricKeyType, sigLen] of [
+  ['ml-dsa-44', 2420], ['ml-dsa-65', 3309], ['ml-dsa-87', 4627],
+]) {
+  const keys = {
+    public: fixtures.readKey(getKeyFileName(asymmetricKeyType, 'public'), 'ascii'),
+    private: fixtures.readKey(getKeyFileName(asymmetricKeyType, 'private'), 'ascii'),
+    private_seed_only: fixtures.readKey(getKeyFileName(asymmetricKeyType, 'private_seed_only'), 'ascii'),
+    private_priv_only: fixtures.readKey(getKeyFileName(asymmetricKeyType, 'private_priv_only'), 'ascii'),
+  };
+
+  for (const privateKey of [keys.private, keys.private_seed_only, keys.private_priv_only]) {
+    for (const data of [randomBytes(0), randomBytes(1), randomBytes(32), randomBytes(128), randomBytes(1024)]) {
+      // sync
+      {
+        const signature = sign(undefined, data, privateKey);
+        assert.strictEqual(signature.byteLength, sigLen);
+        assert.strictEqual(verify(undefined, randomBytes(32), keys.public, signature), false);
+        assert.strictEqual(verify(undefined, data, keys.public, Buffer.alloc(sigLen)), false);
+        assert.strictEqual(verify(undefined, data, keys.public, signature), true);
+        assert.strictEqual(verify(undefined, data, privateKey, signature), true);
+        assert.throws(() => sign('sha256', data, privateKey), { code: 'ERR_OSSL_INVALID_DIGEST' });
+        assert.throws(
+          () => verify('sha256', data, keys.public, Buffer.alloc(sigLen)),
+          { code: 'ERR_OSSL_INVALID_DIGEST' });
+      }
+
+      // async
+      {
+        sign(undefined, data, privateKey, common.mustSucceed((signature) => {
+          assert.strictEqual(signature.byteLength, sigLen);
+          verify(undefined, data, privateKey, signature, common.mustSucceed((valid) => {
+            assert.strictEqual(valid, true);
+          }));
+          verify(undefined, data, privateKey, Buffer.alloc(sigLen), common.mustSucceed((valid) => {
+            assert.strictEqual(valid, false);
+          }));
+        }));
+
+        sign('sha256', data, privateKey, common.expectsError(/invalid digest/));
+        verify('sha256', data, keys.public, Buffer.alloc(sigLen), common.expectsError(/invalid digest/));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Test vectors from ietf-cose-dilithium
+{
+  for (const { jwk, data, signature } of [
+    {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @stylistic/js/max-len
+      data: Buffer.from('65794a68624763694f694a4e54433145553045744e4451694c434a72615751694f694a554e4868734e7a42544e3031554e6c706c63545a794f5659355a6c424b52315a754e7a5a335a6d3559536a49784c576435627a424864545a76496e302e53585469674a6c7a494745675a4746755a3256796233567a49474a3163326c755a584e7a4c434247636d396b627977675a323970626d63676233563049486c76645849675a473976636934', 'hex'),
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @stylistic/js/max-len
+      signature: Buffer.from('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', 'hex'),
+      jwk: {
+        kty: 'AKP',
+        alg: 'ML-DSA-44',
+        // eslint-disable-next-line @stylistic/js/max-len
+        pub: 'unH59k4RuutY-pxvu24U5h8YZD2rSVtHU5qRZsoBmBMcRPgmu9VuNOVdteXi1zNIXjnqJg_GAAxepLqA00Vc3lO0bzRIKu39VFD8Lhuk8l0V-cFEJC-zm7UihxiQMMUEmOFxe3x1ixkKZ0jqmqP3rKryx8tSbtcXyfea64QhT6XNje2SoMP6FViBDxLHBQo2dwjRls0k5a-XSQSu2OTOiHLoaWsLe8pQ5FLNfTDqmkrawDEdZyxr3oSWJAsHQxRjcIiVzZuvwxYy1zl2STiP2vy_fTBaPemkleynQzqPg7oPCyXEE8bjnJbrfWkbNNN8438e6tHPIX4l7zTuzz98YPhLjt_d6EBdT4MldsYe-Y4KLyjaGHcAlTkk9oa5RhRwW89T0z_t1DSO3dvfKLUGXh8gd1BD6Fz5MfgpF5NjoafnQEqDjsAAhrCXY4b-Y3yYJEdX4_dp3dRGdHG_rWcPmgX4JG7lCnser4f8QGnDriqiAzJYEXeS8LzUngg_0bx0lqv_KcyU5IaLISFO0xZSU5mmEPvdSoDnyAcV8pV44qhLtAvd29n0ehG259oRihtljTWeiu9V60a1N2tbZVl5mEqSK-6_xZvNYA1TCdzNctvweH24unV7U3wer9XA9Q6kvJWDVJ4oKaQsKMrCSMlteBJMRxWbGK7ddUq6F7GdQw-3j2M-qdJvVKm9UPjY9rc1lPgol25-oJxTu7nxGlbJUH-4m5pevAN6NyZ6lfhbjWTKlxkrEKZvQXs_Yf6cpXEwpI_ZJeriq1UC1XHIpRkDwdOY9MH3an4RdDl2r9vGl_IwlKPNdh_5aF3jLgn7PCit1FNJAwC8fIncAXgAlgcXIpRXdfJk4bBiO89GGccSyDh2EgXYdpG3XvNgGWy7npuSoNTE7WIyblAk13UQuO4sdCbMIuriCdyfE73mvwj15xgb07RZRQtFGlFTmnFcIdZ90zDrWXDbANntv7KCKwNvoTuv64bY3HiGbj-NQ-U9eMylWVpvr4hrXcES8c9K3PqHWADZC0iIOvlzFv4VBoc_wVflcOrL_SIoaNFCNBAZZq-2v5lAgpJTqVOtqJ_HVraoSfcKy5g45p-qULunXj6Jwq21fobQiKubBKKOZwcJFyJD7F4ACKXOrz-HIvSHMCWW_9dVrRuCpJw0s0aVFbRqopDNhu446nqb4_EDYQM1tTHMozPd_jKxRRD0sH75X8ZoToxFSpLBDbtdWcenxj-zBf6IGWfZnmaetjKEBYJWC7QDQx1A91pJVJCEgieCkoIfTqkeQuePpIyu48g2FG3P1zjRF-kumhUTfSjo5qS0YiZQy0E1BMs6M11EvuxXRsHClLHoy5nLYI2Sj4zjVjYyxSHyPRPGGo9hwB34yWxzYNtPPGiqXS_dNCpi_zRZwRY4lCGrQ-hYTEWIK1Dm5OlttvC4_eiQ1dv63NiGkLRJ5kJA3bICN0fzCDY-MBqnd1cWn8YVBijVkgtaoascjL9EywDgJdeHnXK0eeOvUxHHhXJVkNqcibn8O4RQdpVU60TSA-uiu675ytIjcBHC6kTv8A8pmkj_4oypPd-F92YIJC741swkYQoeIHj8rE-ThcMUkF7KqC5VORbZTRp8HsZSqgiJcIPaouuxd1-8Rxrid3fXkE6p8bkrysPYoxWEJgh7ZFsRCPDWX-yTeJwFN0PKFP1j0F6YtlLfK5wv-c4F8ZQHA_-yc_gODicy7KmWDZgbTP07e7gEWzw4MFRrndjbDQ',
+        priv: 'AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA',
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @stylistic/js/max-len
+      data: Buffer.from('65794a68624763694f694a4e54433145553045744e6a55694c434a72615751694f694a5464576c314d6a6c78596d5a3159554a68556a524264484d74597a5a5955554a6c55454a66543342426545463359315253587a424c57465a4e496e302e53585469674a6c7a494745675a4746755a3256796233567a49474a3163326c755a584e7a4c434247636d396b627977675a323970626d63676233563049486c76645849675a473976636934', 'hex'),
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @stylistic/js/max-len
+      signature: Buffer.from('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', 'hex'),
+      jwk: {
+        kty: 'AKP',
+        alg: 'ML-DSA-65',
+        // eslint-disable-next-line @stylistic/js/max-len
+        pub: 'QksvJn5Y1bO0TXGs_Gpla7JpUNV8YdsciAvPof6rRD8JQquL2619cIq7w1YHj22ZolInH-YsdAkeuUr7m5JkxQqIjg3-2AzV-yy9NmfmDVOevkSTAhnNT67RXbs0VaJkgCufSbzkLudVD-_91GQqVa3mk4aKRgy-wD9PyZpOMLzP-opHXlOVOWZ067galJN1h4gPbb0nvxxPWp7kPN2LDlOzt_tJxzrfvC1PjFQwNSDCm_l-Ju5X2zQtlXyJOTZSLQlCtB2C7jdyoAVwrftUXBFDkisElvgmoKlwBks23fU0tfjhwc0LVWXqhGtFQx8GGBQ-zol3e7P2EXmtIClf4KbgYq5u7Lwu848qwaItyTt7EmM2IjxVth64wHlVQruy3GXnIurcaGb_qWg764qZmteoPl5uAWwuTDX292Sa071S7GfsHFxue5lydxIYvpVUu6dyfwuExEubCovYMfz_LJd5zNTKMMatdbBJg-Qd6JPuXznqc1UYC3CccEXCLTOgg_auB6EUdG0b_cy-5bkEOHm7Wi4SDipGNig_ShzUkkot5qSqPZnd2I9IqqToi_0ep2nYLBB3ny3teW21Qpccoom3aGPt5Zl7fpzhg7Q8zsJ4sQ2SuHRCzgQ1uxYlFx21VUtHAjnFDSoMOkGyo4gH2wcLR7-z59EPPNl51pljyNefgCnMSkjrBPyz1wiET-uqi23f8Bq2TVk1jmUFxOwdfLsU7SIS30WOzvwD_gMDexUFpMlEQyL1-Y36kaTLjEWGCi2tx1FTULttQx5JpryPW6lW5oKw5RMyGpfRliYCiRyQePYqipZGoxOHpvCWhCZIN4meDY7H0RxWWQEpiyCzRQgWkOtMViwao6Jb7wZWbLNMebwLJeQJXWunk-gTEeQaMykVJobwDUiX-E_E7fSybVRTZXherY1jrvZKh8C5Gi5VADg5Vs319uN8-dVILRyOOlvjjxclmsRcn6HEvTvxd9MS7lKm2gI8BXIqhzgnTdqNGwTpmDHPV8hygqJWxWXCltBSSgY6OkGkioMAmXjZjYq_Ya9o6AE7WU_hUdm-wZmQLExwtJWEIBdDxrUxA9L9JL3weNyQtaGItPjXcheZiNBBbJTUxXwIYLnXtT1M0mHzMqGFFWXVKsN_AIdHyv4yDzY9m-tuQRfbQ_2K7r5eDOL1Tj8DZ-s8yXG74MMBqOUvlglJNgNcbuPKLRPbSDoN0E3BYkfeDgiUrXy34a5-vU-PkAWCsgAh539wJUUBxqw90V1Du7eTHFKDJEMSFYwusbPhEX4ZTwoeTHg--8Ysn4HCFWLQ00pfBCteqvMvMflcWwVfTnogcPsJb1bEFVSc3nTzhk6Ln8J-MplyS0Y5mGBEtVko_WlyeFsoDCWj4hqrgU7L-ww8vsCRSQfskH8lodiLzj0xmugiKjWUXbYq98x1zSnB9dmPy5P3UNwwMQdpebtR38N9I-jup4Bzok0-JsaOe7EORZ8ld7kAgDWa4K7BAxjc2eD540Apwxs-VLGFVkXbQgYYeDNG2tW1Xt20-XezJqZVUl6-IZXsqc7DijwNInO3fT5o8ZAcLKUUlzSlEXe8sIlHaxjLoJ-oubRtlKKUbzWOHeyxmYZSxYqQhSQj4sheedGXJEYWJ-Y5DRqB-xpy-cftxL10fdXIUhe1hWFBAoQU3b5xRY8KCytYnfLhsFF4O49xhnax3vuumLpJbCqTXpLureoKg5PvWfnpFPB0P-ZWQN35mBzqbb3ZV6U0rU55DvyXTuiZOK2Z1TxbaAd1OZMmg0cpuzewgueV-Nh_UubIqNto5RXCd7vqgqdXDUKAiWyYegYIkD4wbGMqIjxV8Oo2ggOcSj9UQPS1rD5u0rLckAzsxyty9Q5JsmKa0w8Eh7Jwe4Yob4xPVWWbJfm916avRgzDxXo5gmY7txdGFYHhlolJKdhBU9h6f0gtKEtbiUzhp4IWsqAR8riHQs7lLVEz6P537a4kL1r5FjfDf_yjJDBQmy_kdWMDqaNln-MlKK8eENjUO-qZGy0Ql4bMZtNbHXjfJUuSzapA-RqYfkqSLKgQUOW8NTDKhUk73yqCU3TQqDEKaGAoTsPscyMm7u_8QrvUK8kbc-XnxrWZ0BZJBjdinzh2w-QvjbWQ5mqFp4OMgY94__tIU8vvCUNJiYA1RdyodlfPfH5-avpxOCvBD6C7ZIDyQ-6huGEQEAb6DP8ydWIZQ8xY603DoEKKXkJWcP6CJo3nHFEdj_vcEbDQ-WESDpcQFa1fRIiGuALj-sEWcjGdSHyE8QATOcuWl4TLVzRPKAf4tCXx1zyvhJbXQu0jf0yfzVpOhPun4n-xqK4SxPBCeuJOkQ2VG9jDXWH4pnjbAcrqjveJqVti7huMXTLGuqU2uoihBw6mGqu_WSlOP2-XTEyRyvxbv2t-z9V6GPt1V9ceBukA0oGwtJqgD-q7NXFK8zhw7desI5PZMXf3nuVgbJ3xdvAlzkmm5f9RoqQS6_hqwPQEcclq1MEZ3yML5hc99TDtZWy9gGkhR0Hs3QJxxgP7bEqGFP-HjTPnJsrGaT6TjKP7qCxJlcFKLUr5AU_kxMULeUysWWtSGJ9mpxBvsyW1Juo',
+        priv: 'AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA',
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @stylistic/js/max-len
+      data: Buffer.from('65794a68624763694f694a4e54433145553045744f4463694c434a72615751694f694a30556d3478536b354a6132644e63304643566c46436246686c5245683451556c6a5932786f4c544a4a574442565a455246656c42304e566856496e302e53585469674a6c7a494745675a4746755a3256796233567a49474a3163326c755a584e7a4c434247636d396b627977675a323970626d63676233563049486c76645849675a473976636934', 'hex'),
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @stylistic/js/max-len
+      signature: Buffer.from('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', 'hex'),
+      jwk: {
+        kty: 'AKP',
+        alg: 'ML-DSA-87',
+        // eslint-disable-next-line @stylistic/js/max-len
+        pub: '5F_8jMc9uIXcZi5ioYzY44AylxF_pWWIFKmFtf8dt7Roz8gruSnx2Gt37RT1rhamU2h3LOUZEkEBBeBFaXWukf22Q7US8STV5gvWi4x-Mf4Bx7DcZa5HBQHMVlpuHfz8_RJWVDPEr-3VEYIeLpYQxFJ14oNt7jXO1p1--mcv0eQxi-9etuiX6LRRqiAt7QQrKq73envj9pkUbaIpqL2z_6SWRFln51IXv7yQSPmVZEPYcx-DPrMN4Q2slv_-fPZeoERcPjHoYB4TO-ahAHZP4xluJncmRB8xdR-_mm9YgGRPTnJ15X3isPEF5NsFXVDdHJyTT931NbjeKLDHTARJ8iLNLtC7j7x3XM7oyUBmW0D3EvT34AdQ6eHkzZz_JdGUXD6bylPM1PEu7nWBhW69aPJoRZVuPnvrdh8P51vdMb_i-gGBEzl7OHvVnWKmi4r3-iRauTLmn3eOLO79ITBPu4CZ6hPY6lfBgTGXovda4lEHW1Ha04-FNmnp1fmKNlUJiUGZOhWUhg-6cf5TDuXCn1jyl4r2iMy3Wlg4o1nBEumOJahYOsjawfhh_Vjir7pd5aUuAgkE9bQrwIdONb788-YRloR2jzbgCPBHEhd86-YnYHOB5W6q7hYcFym43lHb3kdNSMxoJJ6icWK4eZPmDITtbMZCPLNnbZ61CyyrWjoEnvExOB1iP6b7y8nbHnzAJeoEGLna0sxszU6V-izsJP7spwMYp1Fxa3IT9j7b9lpjM4NX-Dj5TsBxgiwkhRJIiFEHs9HE6SRnjHYU6hrwOBBGGfKuNylAvs-mninLtf9sPiCke-Sk90usNMEzwApqcGrMxv_T2OT71pqZcE4Sg8hQ2MWNHldTzZWHuDxMNGy5pYE3IT7BCDTGat_iu1xQGo7y7K3Rtnej3xpt64br8HIsT1Aw4g-QGN1bb8U-6iT9kre1tAJf6umW0-SP1MZQ2C261-r5NmOWmFEvJiU9LvaEfIUY6FZcyaVJXG__V83nMjiCxUp9tHCrLa-P_Sv3lPp8aS2ef71TLuzB14gOLKCzIWEovii0qfHRUfrJeAiwvZi3tDphKprIZYEr_qxvR0YCd4QLUqOwh_kWynztwPdo6ivRnqIRVfhLSgTEAArSrgWHFU1WC8Ckd6T5MpqJhN0x6x8qBePZGHAdYwz8qa9h7wiNLFWBrLRj5DmQLl1CVxnpVrjW33MFso4P8n060N4ghdKSSZsZozkNQ5b7O6yajYy-rSp6QpD8msb8oEX5imFKRaOcviQ2D4TRT45HJxKs63Tb9FtT1JoORzfkdv_E1bL3zSR6oYbTt2Stnpz-7kVqc8KR2N45EkFKxDkRw3IXOte0cq81xoU87S_ntf4KiVZaszuqb2XN2SgxnXBl4EDnpehPmqkD92SAlLrQcTaxaSe47G28K-8MwoVt4eeVkj4UEsSfJN7rbCH2yKl2XJx5huDaS0xn2ODQyNRmgk-5I9hXMUiZDNLvEzx4zuyrcu2d0oXFo3ZoUtVFNCB__TQCf2x27ej9GjLXLDAEi7qnl9Xfb94n0IfeVyGte3-j6NP3DWv8OrLiUjNTaLv6Fay1yzfUaU6LI86-Jd6ckloiGhg7kE0_hd-ZKakZxU1vh0Vzc6DW7MFAPky75iCZlDXoBpZjTNGo5HR-mCW_ozblu60U9zZA8bn-voANuu_hYwxh-uY1sHTFZOqp2xicnnMChz_GTm1Je8XCkICYegeiHUryEHA6T6B_L9gW8S_R4ptMD0Sv6b1KHqqKeubwKltCWPUsr2En9iYypnz06DEL5Wp8KMhrLid2AMPpLI0j1CWGJExXHpBWjfIC8vbYH4YKVl-euRo8eDcuKosb5hxUGM9Jvy1siVXUpIKpkZt2YLP5pEBP_EVOoHPh5LJomrLMpORr1wBKbEkfom7npX1g817bK4IeYmZELI8zXUUtUkx3LgNTckwjx90Vt6oVXpFEICIUDF_LAVMUftzz6JUvbwOZo8iAZqcnVslAmRXeY_ZPp5eEHFfHlsb8VQ73Rd_p8XlFf5R1WuWiUGp2TzJ-VQvj3BTdQfOwSxR9RUk4xjqNabLqTFcQ7As246bHJXH6XVnd4DbEIDPfNa8FaWb_DNEgQAiXGqa6n7l7aFq5_6Kp0XeBBM0sOzJt4fy8JC6U0DEcMnWxKFDtMM7q06LubQYFCEEdQ5b1Qh2LbQZ898tegmeF--EZ4F4hvYebZPV8sM0ZcsKBXyCr585qs00PRxr0S6rReekGRBIvXzMojmid3dxc6DPpdV3x5zxlxaIBxO3i_6axknSSdxnS04_bemWqQ3CLf6mpSqfTIQJT1407GB4QINAAC9Ch3AXUR_n1jr64TGWzbIr8uDcnoVCJlOgmlXpmOwubigAzJattbWRi7k4QYBnA3_4QMjt73n2Co4-F_Qh4boYLpmwWG2SwcIw2PeXGr2LY2zwkPR4bcSyx1Z6UK5trQpWlpQCxgsvV_RvGzpN22RtHoihPH74K0cBIzCz7tK-jqeuWl1A7af7KmQ66fpRBr5ykTLOsa17WblkcIB_jDvqKfEcdxhPWJUwmOo4TIQS-xH8arLOy_NQFG2m14_yxwUemXC-QxLUYi6_FIcqwPBKjCdpQtadRdyftQSKO0SP-GxUvamMZzWI780rXuOBkq5kyYLy9QF9bf_-bL6QLpe1WMCQlOeXZaCPoncgYoT0WZ17jB52Xb2lPWsyXYK54npszkbKJ4OIqfvF8xqRXcVe22VwJuqT9Uy4-4KKQgQ7TXla7Gdm2H7mKl8YXQlsGCT2Ypc8O4t0Sfw7qYAuaDGf752Hbm3fl1bupcB2huIPlIaDP6IRR9XvTYIW2flbwYfhKLmoVKnG85uUi2qtqCjPOIuU3-peT0othfmwKQXaoOqO-V4r6wPL1VHxVFtIYmEdVt0RccUOvpOVR_OAHG9uHOzTmueK5557Qxp0ojtZCHyN-hgoMZJLrvdKkTCxPNo2-mZQbHoVh2FnThZ9JbO49dB8lKXP4_MU5xAnjXMgKXtbfI8w6ZWATE_XWgf2VQMUpGp4wpy44yWQTxHxh_4T9540BGwG0FU0bkgrwA_erseGZnepqdmz5_ScCs84O5Xr5MbYhJLCGGxY6O5GqS-ooB2w0Mt87KbbE4bpYje9CAHH8FX3pDrJyLsyasA3zxmk4OmGpG7Z70ofONJtHRe56R5287vFmuazEEutXn81kNzB-3aJT1ga3vnWZw4CSvFKoWYSA7auLgrHSHFZdITfOrgtmQmGbFhM9kSBdY1UCnpzf65oos3PZWRa2twfUxxLAnPNtrxpRGyvtsapw7ljUagZmuyh3hLCjhAxYmnoE1dbyIWvpCqSlEtVjL1yb_nuLEzgvmZuV02fHxGuWgHTOMVGXpf81Rce3eoBK3lapW1wkzezlk3tcA2bZOtA9qbxdsbVR37kemzQ9K1e3Y0OWhtSj',
+        priv: 'AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA',
+      }
+    },
+  ]) {
+    const privateKey = createPrivateKey({ format: 'jwk', key: jwk });
+    const publicKey = createPublicKey({ format: 'jwk', key: { ...jwk, priv: undefined } });
+    assert.strictEqual(verify(null, data, publicKey, signature), true);
+    assert.strictEqual(verify(null, data, publicKey, sign(null, data, privateKey)), true);
+  }
+
+}