async_hooks: fix resource stack for deep stacks

460c81dc0e introduced a bug where the execution resource was not
stored properly if we needed to call into C++ to extend the stack size.
Fix that bug by always storing the resource.

Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/34319
Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/34556

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/34573
Reviewed-By: Andrey Pechkurov <apechkurov@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Benjamin Gruenbaum <benjamingr@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Gerhard Stöbich <deb2001-github@yahoo.de>
Reviewed-By: Gus Caplan <me@gus.host>

test/parallel/test-async-local-storage-deep-stack.js

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+'use strict';
+const common = require('../common');
+const { AsyncLocalStorage } = require('async_hooks');
+
+// Regression test for: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/34556
+
+const als = new AsyncLocalStorage();
+
+const done = common.mustCall();
+
+function run(count) {
+  if (count !== 0) return als.run({}, run, --count);
+  done();
+}
+run(1000);