diff --git a/test/ruby/test_refinement.rb b/test/ruby/test_refinement.rb
index 5583ce6a7a..7725820038 100644
--- a/test/ruby/test_refinement.rb
+++ b/test/ruby/test_refinement.rb
@@ -2055,6 +2055,38 @@ class TestRefinement < Test::Unit::TestCase
     INPUT
   end
 
+  def test_call_method_in_unused_refinement
+    bug15720 = '[ruby-core:91916] [Bug #15720]'
+    assert_in_out_err([], <<-INPUT, ["ok"], [], bug15720)
+      module M1
+        refine Kernel do
+          def foo
+            'foo called!'
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      module M2
+        refine Kernel do
+          def bar
+            'bar called!'
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      using M1
+
+      foo
+
+      begin
+        bar
+      rescue NameError
+      end
+
+      puts "ok"
+    INPUT
+  end
+
   def test_super_from_refined_module
     a = EnvUtil.labeled_module("A") do
       def foo;"[A#{super}]";end
diff --git a/version.h b/version.h
index 8b0acbbf3f..c4b3f14e07 100644
--- a/version.h
+++ b/version.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #define RUBY_VERSION "2.5.6"
 #define RUBY_RELEASE_DATE "2019-08-27"
-#define RUBY_PATCHLEVEL 183
+#define RUBY_PATCHLEVEL 184
 
 #define RUBY_RELEASE_YEAR 2019
 #define RUBY_RELEASE_MONTH 8
diff --git a/vm_insnhelper.c b/vm_insnhelper.c
index 6214d35ab9..d6029ea6ec 100644
--- a/vm_insnhelper.c
+++ b/vm_insnhelper.c
@@ -2299,7 +2299,10 @@ vm_call_method_each_type(rb_execution_context_t *ec, rb_control_frame_t *cfp, st
 		    goto no_refinement_dispatch;
 		}
 	    }
-	    cc->me = ref_me;
+            if (cc->me->def->type != VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED ||
+                 cc->me->def != ref_me->def) {
+                 cc->me = ref_me;
+            }
 	    if (ref_me->def->type != VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED) {
 		return vm_call_method(ec, cfp, calling, ci, cc);
 	    }