diff --git a/eval.c b/eval.c
index 24e6dac079..a61dfb1289 100644
--- a/eval.c
+++ b/eval.c
@@ -1777,6 +1777,16 @@ rb_obj_extend(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
     return obj;
 }
 
+VALUE
+rb_top_main_class(const char *method)
+{
+    VALUE klass = GET_THREAD()->top_wrapper;
+
+    if (!klass) return rb_cObject;
+    rb_warning("main.%s in the wrapped load is effective only in wrapper module", method);
+    return klass;
+}
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     include(module, ...)   -> self
@@ -1789,13 +1799,7 @@ rb_obj_extend(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
 static VALUE
 top_include(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
-    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
-
-    if (th->top_wrapper) {
-        rb_warning("main.include in the wrapped load is effective only in wrapper module");
-        return rb_mod_include(argc, argv, th->top_wrapper);
-    }
-    return rb_mod_include(argc, argv, rb_cObject);
+    return rb_mod_include(argc, argv, rb_top_main_class("include"));
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/internal/eval.h b/internal/eval.h
index 73bb656d96..e594d8516d 100644
--- a/internal/eval.h
+++ b/internal/eval.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ extern ID ruby_static_id_status;
 VALUE rb_refinement_module_get_refined_class(VALUE module);
 void rb_class_modify_check(VALUE);
 NORETURN(VALUE rb_f_raise(int argc, VALUE *argv));
+VALUE rb_top_main_class(const char *method);
 
 /* eval_error.c */
 VALUE rb_get_backtrace(VALUE info);
diff --git a/proc.c b/proc.c
index c31017128e..fb60b073d5 100644
--- a/proc.c
+++ b/proc.c
@@ -2382,17 +2382,7 @@ rb_obj_define_method(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
 static VALUE
 top_define_method(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
 {
-    rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
-    VALUE klass;
-
-    klass = th->top_wrapper;
-    if (klass) {
-        rb_warning("main.define_method in the wrapped load is effective only in wrapper module");
-    }
-    else {
-        klass = rb_cObject;
-    }
-    return rb_mod_define_method(argc, argv, klass);
+    return rb_mod_define_method(argc, argv, rb_top_main_class("define_method"));
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/test/ruby/test_require.rb b/test/ruby/test_require.rb
index afbcae2e59..1b93a42e42 100644
--- a/test/ruby/test_require.rb
+++ b/test/ruby/test_require.rb
@@ -369,6 +369,26 @@ class TestRequire < Test::Unit::TestCase
     end
   end
 
+  def test_public_in_wrapped_load
+    Tempfile.create(["test_public_in_wrapped_load", ".rb"]) do |t|
+      t.puts "def foo; end", "public :foo"
+      t.close
+      assert_warning(/main\.public/) do
+        assert load(t.path, true)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_private_in_wrapped_load
+    Tempfile.create(["test_private_in_wrapped_load", ".rb"]) do |t|
+      t.puts "def foo; end", "private :foo"
+      t.close
+      assert_warning(/main\.private/) do
+        assert load(t.path, true)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
   def test_load_scope
     bug1982 = '[ruby-core:25039] [Bug #1982]'
     Tempfile.create(["test_ruby_test_require", ".rb"]) {|t|
diff --git a/version.h b/version.h
index ae323455f8..49b025fb31 100644
--- a/version.h
+++ b/version.h
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 # define RUBY_VERSION_MINOR RUBY_API_VERSION_MINOR
 #define RUBY_VERSION_TEENY 4
 #define RUBY_RELEASE_DATE RUBY_RELEASE_YEAR_STR"-"RUBY_RELEASE_MONTH_STR"-"RUBY_RELEASE_DAY_STR
-#define RUBY_PATCHLEVEL 195
+#define RUBY_PATCHLEVEL 196
 
 #include "ruby/version.h"
 #include "ruby/internal/abi.h"
diff --git a/vm_method.c b/vm_method.c
index 98866a1c6c..17aeb16a66 100644
--- a/vm_method.c
+++ b/vm_method.c
@@ -2552,7 +2552,7 @@ rb_mod_private_method(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
 static VALUE
 top_public(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE _)
 {
-    return rb_mod_public(argc, argv, rb_cObject);
+    return rb_mod_public(argc, argv, rb_top_main_class("public"));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2572,7 +2572,7 @@ top_public(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE _)
 static VALUE
 top_private(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE _)
 {
-    return rb_mod_private(argc, argv, rb_cObject);
+    return rb_mod_private(argc, argv, rb_top_main_class("private"));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2585,7 +2585,7 @@ top_private(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE _)
 static VALUE
 top_ruby2_keywords(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE module)
 {
-    return rb_mod_ruby2_keywords(argc, argv, rb_cObject);
+    return rb_mod_ruby2_keywords(argc, argv, rb_top_main_class("ruby2_keywords"));
 }
 
 /*