Compare with the C methods, A built-in methods written in Ruby is
slower if only mandatory parameters are given because it needs to
check the argumens and fill default values for optional and keyword
parameters (C methods can check the number of parameters with `argc`,
so there are no overhead). Passing mandatory arguments are common
(optional arguments are exceptional, in many cases) so it is important
to provide the fast path for such common cases.
`Primitive.mandatory_only?` is a special builtin function used with
`if` expression like that:
```ruby
def self.at(time, subsec = false, unit = :microsecond, in: nil)
if Primitive.mandatory_only?
Primitive.time_s_at1(time)
else
Primitive.time_s_at(time, subsec, unit, Primitive.arg!(:in))
end
end
```
and it makes two ISeq,
```
def self.at(time, subsec = false, unit = :microsecond, in: nil)
Primitive.time_s_at(time, subsec, unit, Primitive.arg!(:in))
end
def self.at(time)
Primitive.time_s_at1(time)
end
```
and (2) is pointed by (1). Note that `Primitive.mandatory_only?`
should be used only in a condition of an `if` statement and the
`if` statement should be equal to the methdo body (you can not
put any expression before and after the `if` statement).
A method entry with `mandatory_only?` (`Time.at` on the above case)
is marked as `iseq_overload`. When the method will be dispatch only
with mandatory arguments (`Time.at(0)` for example), make another
method entry with ISeq (2) as mandatory only method entry and it
will be cached in an inline method cache.
The idea is similar discussed in https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16254
but it only checks mandatory parameters or more, because many cases
only mandatory parameters are given. If we find other cases (optional
or keyword parameters are used frequently and it hurts performance),
we can extend the feature.
In an effort to simplify the logic YJIT generates for accessing instance
variable, YJIT ensures that a given name-to-index mapping exists at
compile time. In the case that the mapping doesn't exist, it was created
by using rb_ivar_set() with Qundef on the sample object we see at
compile time. This hack isn't fine if the sample object happens to be
frozen, in which case YJIT would raise a FrozenError unexpectedly.
To deal with this, make a new function that only reserves the mapping
but doesn't touch the object. This is rb_obj_ensure_iv_index_mapping().
This new function superceeds the functionality of rb_iv_index_tbl_lookup()
so it was removed.
Reported by and includes a test case from John Hawthorn <john@hawthorn.email>
Fixes: GH-282
When YJIT make calls to routines without reconstructing interpreter
state through jit_prepare_routine_call(), it relies on the routine to
never allocate, raise, and push/pop control frames. Comment about this
on the routines that YJTI calls.
This is probably something we should dynamically verify on debug builds.
It's hard to statically verify this as it requires verifying all
functions in the call tree. Maybe something to look at in the future.
For upstreaming, we want functions we export either prefixed with "rb_"
or made static. Historically we haven't been following this rule, so we
were "leaking" a lot of symbols as `make leak-globals` would tell us.
This change unifies everything YJIT into a single compilation unit,
yjit.o, and makes everything unprefixed static to pass `make leak-globals`.
This manual "unified build" setup is similar to that of vm.o.
Having everything in one compilation unit allows static functions to
be visible across YJIT files and removes the need for declarations in
headers in some cases. Unnecessary declarations were removed.
Other changes of note:
- switched to MJIT_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN which indicates stuff as being
off limits for native extensions
- the first include of each YJIT file is change to be "internal.h"
- undefined MAP_STACK before explicitly redefining it since it
collide's with a definition in system headers. Consider renaming?
Before this change, when we encounter a constant cache that is specific
to a lexical scope, we unconditionally exit. This change falls back to
the interpreter's cache in this situation.
This should help constant expressions in `class << self`, which is popular
at Shopify due to the style guide.
This change relies on the cache being warm while compiling to detect the
need for checking the lexical scope for simplicity.
* Implement calls to methods with simple optional params
* Remove unnecessary MJIT_STATIC
See comment for MJIT_STATIC. I added it not knowing whether it's
required because the function next to it has it. Don't use it and wait
for problems to come up instead.
* Better naming, some comments
* Count bailing on kw only iseqs
On railsbench:
```
opt_send_without_block exit reasons:
bmethod 59729 (27.7%)
optimized_method 59137 (27.5%)
iseq_complex_callee 41362 (19.2%)
alias_method 33346 (15.5%)
callsite_not_simple 19170 ( 8.9%)
iseq_only_keywords 1300 ( 0.6%)
kw_splat 1299 ( 0.6%)
cfunc_ruby_array_varg 18 ( 0.0%)
```
Make sure `opt_getinlinecache` is in a block all on its own, and
invalidate it from the interpreter when `opt_setinlinecache`.
It will recompile with a filled cache the second time around.
This lets YJIT runs well when the IC for constant is cold.
Lazily compile out a chain of checks for different known classes and
whether `self` embeds its ivars or not.
* Remove trailing whitespaces
* Get proper addresss in Capstone disassembly
* Lowercase address in Capstone disassembly
Capstone uses lowercase for jump targets in generated listings. Let's
match it.
* Use the same successor in getivar guard chains
Cuts down on duplication
* Address reviews
* Fix copypasta error
* Add a comment
Pass in ec to vm_opt_newarray_{max,min}. Avoids having to
call GET_EC inside the functions, for better performance.
While here, add a test for Array#min/max being redefined to
test_optimization.rb.
Fixes [Bug #18180]
In vm_call_method_each_type, check for c_call and c_return events before
dispatching to vm_call_ivar and vm_call_attrset. With this approach, the
call cache will still dispatch directly to those functions, so this
change will only decrease performance for the first (uncached) call, and
even then, the performance decrease is very minimal.
This approach requires that we clear the call caches when tracing is
enabled or disabled. The approach currently switches all vm_call_ivar
and vm_call_attrset call caches to vm_call_general any time tracing is
enabled or disabled. So it could theoretically result in a slowdown for
code that constantly enables or disables tracing.
This approach does not handle targeted tracepoints, but from my testing,
c_call and c_return events are not supported for targeted tracepoints,
so that shouldn't matter.
This includes a benchmark showing the performance decrease is minimal
if detectable at all.
Fixes [Bug #16383]
Fixes [Bug #10470]
Co-authored-by: Takashi Kokubun <takashikkbn@gmail.com>
Extracted repeated code as update_classvariable_cache. When cvc
table is not set in getclassvariable, an empty table was created
but it has no id and would cause [BUG], so made the code same as
setclassvariable.
Redo of 34a2acdac7 and
931138b006 which were reverted.
GitHub PR #4340.
This change implements a cache for class variables. Previously there was
no cache for cvars. Cvar access is slow due to needing to travel all the
way up th ancestor tree before returning the cvar value. The deeper the
ancestor tree the slower cvar access will be.
The benefits of the cache are more visible with a higher number of
included modules due to the way Ruby looks up class variables. The
benchmark here includes 26 modules and shows with the cache, this branch
is 6.5x faster when accessing class variables.
```
compare-ruby: ruby 3.1.0dev (2021-03-15T06:22:34Z master 9e5105c) [x86_64-darwin19]
built-ruby: ruby 3.1.0dev (2021-03-15T12:12:44Z add-cache-for-clas.. c6be009) [x86_64-darwin19]
| |compare-ruby|built-ruby|
|:--------|-----------:|---------:|
|vm_cvar | 5.681M| 36.980M|
| | -| 6.51x|
```
Benchmark.ips calling `ActiveRecord::Base.logger` from within a Rails
application. ActiveRecord::Base.logger has 71 ancestors. The more
ancestors a tree has, the more clear the speed increase. IE if Base had
only one ancestor we'd see no improvement. This benchmark is run on a
vanilla Rails application.
Benchmark code:
```ruby
require "benchmark/ips"
require_relative "config/environment"
Benchmark.ips do |x|
x.report "logger" do
ActiveRecord::Base.logger
end
end
```
Ruby 3.0 master / Rails 6.1:
```
Warming up --------------------------------------
logger 155.251k i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
```
Ruby 3.0 with cvar cache / Rails 6.1:
```
Warming up --------------------------------------
logger 1.546M i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
logger 14.857M (± 4.8%) i/s - 74.198M in 5.006202s
```
Lastly we ran a benchmark to demonstate the difference between master
and our cache when the number of modules increases. This benchmark
measures 1 ancestor, 30 ancestors, and 100 ancestors.
Ruby 3.0 master:
```
Warming up --------------------------------------
1 module 1.231M i/100ms
30 modules 432.020k i/100ms
100 modules 145.399k i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
1 module 12.210M (± 2.1%) i/s - 61.553M in 5.043400s
30 modules 4.354M (± 2.7%) i/s - 22.033M in 5.063839s
100 modules 1.434M (± 2.9%) i/s - 7.270M in 5.072531s
Comparison:
1 module: 12209958.3 i/s
30 modules: 4354217.8 i/s - 2.80x (± 0.00) slower
100 modules: 1434447.3 i/s - 8.51x (± 0.00) slower
```
Ruby 3.0 with cvar cache:
```
Warming up --------------------------------------
1 module 1.641M i/100ms
30 modules 1.655M i/100ms
100 modules 1.620M i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
1 module 16.279M (± 3.8%) i/s - 82.038M in 5.046923s
30 modules 15.891M (± 3.9%) i/s - 79.459M in 5.007958s
100 modules 16.087M (± 3.6%) i/s - 81.005M in 5.041931s
Comparison:
1 module: 16279458.0 i/s
100 modules: 16087484.6 i/s - same-ish: difference falls within error
30 modules: 15891406.2 i/s - same-ish: difference falls within error
```
Co-authored-by: Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
Instead of on read. Once it's in the inline cache we never have to make
one again. We want to eventually put the value into the cache, and the
best opportunity to do that is when you write the value.
This change implements a cache for class variables. Previously there was
no cache for cvars. Cvar access is slow due to needing to travel all the
way up th ancestor tree before returning the cvar value. The deeper the
ancestor tree the slower cvar access will be.
The benefits of the cache are more visible with a higher number of
included modules due to the way Ruby looks up class variables. The
benchmark here includes 26 modules and shows with the cache, this branch
is 6.5x faster when accessing class variables.
```
compare-ruby: ruby 3.1.0dev (2021-03-15T06:22:34Z master 9e5105ca45) [x86_64-darwin19]
built-ruby: ruby 3.1.0dev (2021-03-15T12:12:44Z add-cache-for-clas.. c6be0093ae) [x86_64-darwin19]
| |compare-ruby|built-ruby|
|:--------|-----------:|---------:|
|vm_cvar | 5.681M| 36.980M|
| | -| 6.51x|
```
Benchmark.ips calling `ActiveRecord::Base.logger` from within a Rails
application. ActiveRecord::Base.logger has 71 ancestors. The more
ancestors a tree has, the more clear the speed increase. IE if Base had
only one ancestor we'd see no improvement. This benchmark is run on a
vanilla Rails application.
Benchmark code:
```ruby
require "benchmark/ips"
require_relative "config/environment"
Benchmark.ips do |x|
x.report "logger" do
ActiveRecord::Base.logger
end
end
```
Ruby 3.0 master / Rails 6.1:
```
Warming up --------------------------------------
logger 155.251k i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
```
Ruby 3.0 with cvar cache / Rails 6.1:
```
Warming up --------------------------------------
logger 1.546M i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
logger 14.857M (± 4.8%) i/s - 74.198M in 5.006202s
```
Lastly we ran a benchmark to demonstate the difference between master
and our cache when the number of modules increases. This benchmark
measures 1 ancestor, 30 ancestors, and 100 ancestors.
Ruby 3.0 master:
```
Warming up --------------------------------------
1 module 1.231M i/100ms
30 modules 432.020k i/100ms
100 modules 145.399k i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
1 module 12.210M (± 2.1%) i/s - 61.553M in 5.043400s
30 modules 4.354M (± 2.7%) i/s - 22.033M in 5.063839s
100 modules 1.434M (± 2.9%) i/s - 7.270M in 5.072531s
Comparison:
1 module: 12209958.3 i/s
30 modules: 4354217.8 i/s - 2.80x (± 0.00) slower
100 modules: 1434447.3 i/s - 8.51x (± 0.00) slower
```
Ruby 3.0 with cvar cache:
```
Warming up --------------------------------------
1 module 1.641M i/100ms
30 modules 1.655M i/100ms
100 modules 1.620M i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
1 module 16.279M (± 3.8%) i/s - 82.038M in 5.046923s
30 modules 15.891M (± 3.9%) i/s - 79.459M in 5.007958s
100 modules 16.087M (± 3.6%) i/s - 81.005M in 5.041931s
Comparison:
1 module: 16279458.0 i/s
100 modules: 16087484.6 i/s - same-ish: difference falls within error
30 modules: 15891406.2 i/s - same-ish: difference falls within error
```
Co-authored-by: Aaron Patterson <tenderlove@ruby-lang.org>
A "return" statement in a Proc in a lambda like:
`lambda{ proc{ return }.call }`
should return outer lambda block. However, the inner Proc can become
orphan Proc from the lambda block. This "return" escape outer-scope
like method, but this behavior was decieded as a bug.
[Bug #17105]
This patch raises LocalJumpError by checking the proc is orphan or
not from lambda blocks before escaping by "return".
Most of tests are written by Jeremy Evans
https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/4223
